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äîçà àíàïðèëèíà
Çäðàâñòâóéòå óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè õîòåëîñü ïîëó÷èòü îòâåò âîò íà êàêîé âîïîðîñ.  áîëüíèöå íàõîäèòñÿ áîëüíîé äèàãíîç: Öèððîç ïå÷åíè ñìåøàííîé (âèðóñíîé +òîêñèêîàëëèìåíòàðíîé) êàêîé èìåííî âèðóñ íå èçâåñòíî àíàëèç íà ìàðêåðû ãåïàòèòà â ðàáîòå, â àíàìíåçå êîëîëñÿ â òå÷åíèè 2-õ ëåò, ïîñëåäíèé ãîä çëîóïîòðåáëåíèå àëêîãîëåì. Îñëîæíåíèÿ Ïîðòàëüíàÿ ãïåðòåíçèÿ àñöèò âûðàæåííûé êîëè÷åñòâî æèäêîñòè â áðþøíîé ïîëîñòè áîëåå 5 ëèòðîâ (ïî äàííûì ÓÇÈ) îêðóæíîñòü æèâîòà ïðè ïîñòóïëåííèè 110 ñì âåñ 70 êã ðîñò 174 ñì ÔÃÄÑ ïîêà íå ïðîâåäåíî íåò âðà÷à ýíäîñêîïèñòà ïîëó÷àåò ëå÷åíèå ìåòðîíèäàçîë, ëàêòóëîçà, ôóðîñåìèä, ïðè ïîëó÷åíèè àëüáóìèíà ïðîêàïàåì ( àëüáóìèí êðîâè 21ã/ë) èìååòñÿ íåáîëüøàÿ àíåìèÿ ïîýòîìó â ëå÷åíè äîáàâëåí ñîðáèôåðÄóðóëåñ, âîïðîñ âîò â ÷¸ì êàêóþ ìàêñèìàëüíóþ ñóòî÷íóþ äîçó àíàïðèëèíà ìîæíî íàçíà÷èòü ñ öåëüþ ñíèæåíèÿ ïîðòàëüíîé ãèïåðòåíçèè. Äàâëåíèå ïðè ïîëó÷åíèè àíàïðèëèíà â äîçå 120ìã äåðæèò íà óðîâíå 120/70 ìì.ðò.ñò. ïóëüñ ó÷àùåí 92 óäàðà â ìèíóòó òàê êàê àñöèò áîëüøîé íî èìååòñÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíàÿ äèíàìèêà ïîòåðÿ â âåñå 4 êã, îêðóæíîñòü æèâîòà ñ 110 ñì äî 94 ñì ïîïðîáûâàë 120 ìã 3 ðàçà â äåíü â ñóòêè 360 ìã. ïóëüñ 72 óäàðà äàâëåíèå 100/60 ìì.ðò.ñò Ôóðîñåìèä â äîçå 80 ìã+âåðîøïèðîí 200ìã.
Ïî âîçìîæíîñòè õîòåëîñü áû óñëûøàòü ìíåíèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ. |
#2
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Íàðàùèâàòü äîçó àíàïðèëèíà ó òàêèõ áîëüíûõ îïàñíî. Îòñóòñòâèå ýôôåêòà - ïëîõàÿ åãî âñàñûâàåìîñòü â ýòèõ óñëîâèÿõ.
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#3
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åñëè ìîæíî àðãóìåíòèðóéòå ñâîé îòâåò. Íà ôîíå ñíèæåíèÿ ôóíêöèè ïå÷åíè äîëæíà óâåëè÷èâàòñÿ áèîäîñòóïíîñòü ïðåïàðàòà, ( îí áóäåò àêêóìóëèðîâàòüñÿ â îðãàíèçìå) òîãäà ïî÷åìó íåò ýôôåêòà, èëè Âû èìååòå ââèäó, ÷òî â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî íå ðàáîòàåò äåçèíòîêñèêàöèîííàÿ ôóíöèÿ ýòî ÷åðåâàòî íàðàñòàíèåì ïå÷¸íî÷íîé ýíöåôàëîïàòèè.
Åñëè ìîæíî ïîêîíêðåòíåå î äîçèðîâêàõ ó òàêèõ áîëüíûõ. Âåäü íàçíà÷àÿ àíàïðèëèí ïðåñëåäóåì öåëü ñíèæåíèÿ ïîðòàëüíîé ãèïðòåíçèè. |
#4
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Ïðè öèððîçå ïå÷åíè óõóäøàåòñÿ îòâåäåíèå âåíîçíîé êðîâè è ëèìôìû, ÷òî ñïî-ñîáñòâóåò çàñòîéíûì ÿâëåíèÿì â ÆÊÒ è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, íàðóøåíèå âñàñûâàíèÿ (âêëþ÷àÿ ëåêàðñòâåííûå ñðåäñòâà). Óõóäøàåòñÿ è ðàáîòà ïî÷åê, èõ êðîâîñíàáæå-íèå. Ýòè ïðîáëåìû ñ ïî÷êàìè è íàêîïëåíèå ñîëåé íàòðèÿ ìîãóò áûòü îòïðàâíûìè òî÷êàìè ðàçâèòèÿ àñöèòà ïðè öèððîçå ïå÷åíè.
Êîíñåðâàòèâíîå ëå÷åíèå äîëæíî áûòü íàïðàâëåíî íà îñíîâíîå çàáîëåâàíèå. Åñëè ýòî êàðäèàëüíûé öèððîç, ìîæíî β-áëîêàòîðû, íî íå â çàïðåäåëüíûõ äîçàõ. Åñëè äðóãîé ýòèîëîãèè (À)ñöèò ïðèìåíÿþò ìî÷åãîííûå ñðåäñòâà, àíòàãîíèñòû àëüäîñòåðîíà |
#5
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Ñóäÿ ïî ëèòåðàòóðå, ïðèìåíåíèå íåñåëåêòèâíûõ ÁÀÁ ïðè äåêîìïåíñèðîâàííîì öèððîçå (íàïðèìåð, ñ àñöèòîì èëè ïå÷åíî÷íîé ýíöåôàëîïàòèåé â àíàìíåçå), ïðèâîäèò ê óõóäøåíèþ àñöèòà è/èëè ýíöåôàëîïàòèè, ïàöèåíòû íå ïåðåíîñÿò ýòè ïðåïàðàòû õîðîøî.
Âîçìîæíàÿ ïðè÷èíà- ïîòåíöèàëüíûé ðèñê óìåíüøåíèÿ ïåðôóçèè ïî÷åê, è áåç òîãî ðàáîòàþùèõ ïîä ïðåññèíãîì, è ñïîñîáíîñòü ïî÷åê îáåñïå÷èâàòü íàòðèéóðåç óæå íàðóøåíà. Ïðè ýòîì äîçèðîâêè ÁÀÁ íå îáñóæäàþòñÿ, òîëüêî öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü èõ ïðèìåíåíèÿ âîîáùå. Ìåñòî ÁÀÁ ó ýòîé ãðóïïû áîëüíûõ- ïåðâè÷íàÿ (èíîãäà âòîðè÷íàÿ) ïðîôèëàêòèêà êðîâîòå÷åíèé ó ïàöèåíòîâ ñ êîìïåíñèðîâàííûì öèððîçîì è âûðàæåííûìè âàðèêîçàìè ïèùåâîäà Ñóùåñòâóþò òàêæå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ãäå ïðèìåíåíèå íåñåëåêòèâíûõ ÁÀÁ ïðè äåêîìïåíñèðîâàííîì öèððîçå óõóäøàëî ïðîãíîç, íî ýòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ òðåáóþò ïîäòâåðæäåíèé.
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Èñðàôèëîâà Øàõëà Þñèôîâíà. Òåðàïåâò, ïóëüìîíîëîã. |
#6
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Ñïàñèáî çà îòâåò. Õîòÿ áîëüíîé â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îò ïðîâåäåíèÿ ÔÃÄÑ îòêàçàëñÿ ñðàçó îãîâîðþñü ýíöåôàëîïàòèÿ I ñò, íî ñóäÿ ïî àñöèòó ïðè÷¸ì åñòü òåíäåíöèÿ ê òîìó, ÷òî îí ðåôðàêòåðíûé ñòàë âåñ áîëüíîãî è îêðóæíîñòü æèâîòà íåñêîëüêî äíåé îñòà¸òñÿ íà îäíîé öèôðå âñ¸ æå åñòü áîëüøàÿ âåðîÿòíîñòü â òîì, ÷òî âàðèêîç âåí ïèùåâîäà áóäåò íèêàê íå ìåíüøå 2-3 ñò ñêîðåå âñåãî 3 ñò. Âîò ïî÷åìó è èä¸ò ðå÷ü î äîçèðîâêè àíàïðèëèíà òî ÷òî ñòðàäàþò ïî÷êè ñîãëàñåí íî âåäü è ïðè ïðèìåíåíèè ìî÷åãîííûõ ïðè÷¸ì äîçû âûíóæäåí íàðàùèâàòü ìîæåò áûòü ãåïàòîðåíàëüíûé ñèíäðîì. Òåïåðü åñëè ìîæíî ññûëêó íà ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå î öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ àíàïðèëèíà ó òàêèõ áîëüíûõ.
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#7
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Äàííûå âçÿòû èç Up-to-date, à ýòî íàäåæíûé èñòî÷íèê.
Âîò åùå ññûëêà, òàì î ÁÀÁ íè ñëîâà, [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Ïðîñìîòðèòå ãàéäû ïî öèððîçó [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Èñðàôèëîâà Øàõëà Þñèôîâíà. Òåðàïåâò, ïóëüìîíîëîã. |
#8
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Ñïàñèáî áîëüøîå çà ññûëêè, òîëüêî âîò êàê òî ñêóïî íàïèñàíî. Ñåãîäíÿ âûáðàë âðåìÿ ïîäîø¸ë ê ñïåöèàëèñòàì ïî ãàñòðîýíòåðîëîãèè íàñ÷¸ò àíàïðèëèíà ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî åñëè ïåðåíîñèò âûñîêèå äîçû òî ìîæíî íàçíà÷àòü 240-360 ìã åñëè ïîðòàëüíàÿ ãèïåðòåíçèÿ åñòü íó à ïðè öèððîçå êóäà îíà äåíåòüñÿ.
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#9
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Ìîæåò ó âàñ ýòà êíèãà åñòü, íà âñÿêèé ñëó÷àé, "Ñåêðåòû ãàñòðîýíòåðîëîãèè", Ïèòåð Ð. Ìàê Íåëëè, 2005, ïåðåâîä ñ àíãë.:
Ñ ÷åãî íà÷èíàþò ëå÷åíèå ÖÏ ñ àñöèòîì? Îãðàíè÷èâàþò ïðèåì íàòðèÿ ñ ïèùåé äî 50-88 ìýêâ/ñóò (ïðàâäà íå çíàþ, ñêîëüêî ýòî), íàçíà÷àþò äèóðåòèêè. Âûðàæåííîå îãðàíè÷åíèå ïðèåìà íàòðèÿ ìîæåò ïðîâîöèðîâàòü àíîðåêñèþ è èñòîùåíèå. Åñëè êîíöåíòðàöèÿ íàòðèÿ â êðîâè áîëåå 120 ìýêâ/ë, îãðàíè÷åíèÿ ïðèåìà æèäêîñòè îáû÷íî íå òðåáóåòñÿ.  15-20% ñëó÷àåâ îòðèöàòåëüíûé áàëàíñ íàòðèÿ îáåñïå÷èâàþò áåç ïîìîùè äèóðåòèêîâ, òîëüêî ïóòåì îãðàíè÷åíèÿ åãî ïîñòóïëåíèÿ â îðãàíèçì. Îäíàêî, ïîñêîëüêó â 80-85% ñëó÷àåâ äèóðåòèêè íåîáõîäèìû, öåëåñîîáðàçíî íàçíà÷àòü èçõ âñåì áîëüíûì. Âíà÷àëå íàçíà÷àþò ñïèðîíîëàêòîí ïî 100 ìã è ôóðîñåìèä ïî 40 ìã âíóòðü ïî óòðàì; åñëè ÷åðåç 2-3 ñóòîê ñóòî÷íàÿ ýêñêðåöèÿ íàòðèÿ íå óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ èëè ìàññà òåëà íå óìåíüøàåòñÿ, äîçû ïðåïàðàòîâ óâåëè÷èâàþò ïî 100 ìã/ñóò è 40 ìã/ñóò ñîîòâåòñòâåííî äî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ îòðèöàòåëüíîãî áàëàíñà (âûäåëåíèå > ïîñòóïëåíèÿ)íàòðèÿ èëè ñíèæåíèÿ ìàññû òåëà. Ìàêñèìàëüíûå äîçû: 400 ìã/ñóò ñïèðîíîëàêòîíà è 160 ìã ôóðîñåìèäà. Âî âðåìÿ ëå÷åíèÿ ðåãóëÿðíî êîíòðîëèðóþò ìàññó òåëà è ñóòî÷íóþ ýêñêðåöèþ íàòðèÿ ñ ìî÷îé. Ïîñëå êóïèðîâàíèÿ àñöèòà äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè åãî ðåöèäèâèðîâàíèÿ íàçíà÷àþò ïîääåðæèâàþùèå äîçû äèóðåòèêîâ. ×åñòíî ïðîñìîòðåëà âñþ ãëàâó "Àñöèò", î ÁÀÁ íè ñëîâà.
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Èñðàôèëîâà Øàõëà Þñèôîâíà. Òåðàïåâò, ïóëüìîíîëîã. |
#10
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Ñïàñèáî çà îòâåò. íàçíà÷àÿ àíàïðèëèí òî åñòü íåñåëåêòèâíûå áåòà-àäðåíîáëîêàòîðû ïðèñëåäóåì ëèøü îäíó öåëü ïðåäîòâðàòèòü êðîâîòå÷åíèå èç âàðèêîçíî ðàñøèðåííûõ âåí, õîòÿ áîëüíîé è íå äàë âûïîëíèòü ÔÃÄÑ íî ïî óçè ïîðòàëüíàÿ ãèïåðòåíçèÿ, åñòü ñëåäîâàòåëüíî ïîäàçðåâàòü âàðèêîç âåí íóæíî òåì áîëåå ïðèñóòñòâóåò ðåôðàêòåðíûé àñöèò, ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ ëèòåðàòóðû òî íàïðèìåð Áåëîðóññêàÿ øêîëà À.Í. Îêîðîêîâ â ïðèíöèïå [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] ññûëêà íà öèððîç, äà è òàê çàäàéòå âîïðîñ ëå÷åíèå ïîðòàëüíîé ãèïåðòåíçèè ïî ýòîìó è âîïðîñ ïðî äîçó àíàïðèëèíà. Ñîâñåì îñòàëüíûì ñîãëàñåí äèåòà, ìî÷åãîííûå êàê âûñøèé ïèëîòàæ îïåðàöèè, êàê êàçóèñòèêà òðàíñïëàíòàöèÿ ïå÷åíè. Òîëüêî âîò áåäà àñöèò çà÷àñòóþ êóïèðîâàòü íå óäàåòñÿ, êàê è îñòàíîâèòü êðîâîòå÷åíèå, à òîò æå àíàïðèëèí ïî íåêîòîðûì äàííûì êàê ïèøóò ñíèæàåò ðèñê íà 30%-40% ïðîöåíòîâ.
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#11
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Ì.á. èìåëî ñìûñë ïîñìîòðåòü ãëàâó î ïîðòàëüíîé ãèïåðòåíçèè? )))
 17-ì Õàððèñîíå: "Treatment for variceal hemorrhage as a complication of portal hypertension is divided into two main categories: (1) primary prophylaxis and (2) prevention of re-bleeding once there has been an initial variceal hemorrhage. Primary prophylaxis requires routine screening by endoscopy of all patients with cirrhosis. Once varices that are at increased risk for bleeding are identified, then primary prophylaxis can be achieved either through nonselective beta blockade or by variceal band ligation. Numerous placebo-controlled clinical trials of either propranolol or nadolol have been reported in the literature. The most rigorous studies were those that only included patients with significantly enlarged varices or with hepatic vein pressure gradients >12 mmHg. Patients treated with beta blockers have a lower risk of variceal hemorrhage than those treated with placebo over 1 and 2 years of follow-up. There is also a decrease in mortality related to variceal hemorrhage." Âåäü ðå÷ü øëà èìåííî î ïðîôèëàêòèêå êðîâîòå÷åíèé... |
#12
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Áîëüøîå ñïàñèáî çà ññûëêó. ÔÃÄÑ íå ïðîâîäèëañü âñå æå. Ìîé îòâåò áûë îñíîâàí íà ýòîì:
Non-selective beta blockers (eg, propranolol and nadolol) block the adrenergic dilatory tone in mesenteric arterioles resulting in unopposed alpha adrenergic mediated vasoconstriction and therefore a decrease in portal inflow. These are the only drugs recommended for prophylaxis against a first variceal hemorrhage. However, the report of increased mortality rates in patients with refractory ascites who received nonselective beta blockers has called their safety into question. The routine use of beta blockers in patients with cirrhosis with refractory ascites has been called into question based upon a prospective study of 151 patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Median survival was significantly longer in patients who did not receive propranolol versus those who did (20 versus 5 months).
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Èñðàôèëîâà Øàõëà Þñèôîâíà. Òåðàïåâò, ïóëüìîíîëîã. |
#13
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Òîëüêî ñåé÷àñ îáðàòèë âíèìàíèå íà ýòó òåìó...
Âñå áîëüøå ôàêòîâ, ÷òî ïðîïðàíîëîë è íàäîëîë - îñíîâà ïðîôèëàêòèêè â ãðóïïàõ âûñîêîãî ðèñêà êðîâîòå÷åíèÿ è äëÿ âòîðè÷íîé ïðîôèëàêòèêè. Âûñîêèé ðèñê - áîëüøèå âåíû, îñîáåííî ñ "êðàñíûìè ïÿòíàìè" ïðè ýíäîñêîïèèè. Ïî èçîñîðáèò äèíèòðàòó - ïîõîæå îí ñíèæàåò ðèñê, íî ïîáî÷íûå ýôôåêòû ïåðåâåøèâàþò âîçìîæíóþ ïîëüçó. Íåñåëåêòèâíûå á-áëîêåðû ðàâíû ïî ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêîìó ëèãèðîâàíèþ è îáà ýòè ìåòîäà ïðåâîñõîäÿò ñêëåðîçèðîâàíèå âåí. Ïîðòîñèñòåìíîå øóíòèðîâàíèå åùå áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíî, íî â âèäó ïîáî÷íûõ ýôôåêòîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûáîðîì âòîðîãî ðÿäà. ×òî êàñàåòÿ äîç á-áëîêåðîâ, î÷åíü ïîñòåïåííî èõ íàäî íàçàíà÷àòü, íó íèêàê íå 240/ñóòêè, ðåêîìåíäóþò äîçó, ñíèæàþùóþ ×ÑÑ íà 25%, â íåñêîëüêî ýòàïîâ ×ÑÑ ñíèçèòü ìèíèìàëüíî äî 55/ìèí. Íèæå ññûëêè, ÷òî áûëè ïîä ðóêîé; íåäàâíî ñìîòðåë ñâåæèé àçèàòñêèé ãàéä, ãäå ýòî íàèáîëåå ïîäðîáíî èçëîæåíî, íî ñåé÷àñ åãî ïî÷åìó-òî íå íàøåë, õîòÿ è ñîõðàíÿë, âèäíî íå ñóäüáà. Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] |