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Èíòåðåñíûå êëèíè÷åñêèå ñëó÷àè è ìåäèöèíñêèå ññûëêè
Kiss of Death
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] In the Commentary (page 2567), the parenthetical in the final sentence of the third paragraph, “(e.g., intravenous immune globulin for hepatitis A infection),” should be deleted, so that the sentence reads, “The treatment of other viral infections is generally not initiated until a specific diagnosis has been made.” The article is correct at NEJM.org. .
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#2
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[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
TB Rapid Test Performs Well in Children Overall, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; in smear-negative cases, a second induced specimen increased sensitivity from 33% to 61%. The Xpert MTB/RIF, a new molecular test to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance, performs with high sensitivity and specificity in adult populations (JW Infect Dis Apr 27 2011). Might it also work well for children, in whom diagnosis is complicated by low numbers of mycobacteria and difficulty in obtaining good specimens? To find out, researchers conducted a prospective study involving children aged 15 years who were hospitalized in South Africa with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB; N=452; 24% with HIV infection). After a 2- to 3-hour fast, sputum induction was done by a trained research nurse. Whenever possible, a second induced specimen was obtained later the same day or the following day. All specimens were cultured and also tested with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Six percent of the children had a TB-positive smear, 16% had a positive culture result (defined as definite TB), and 13% had a positive MTB/RIF result. The initial MTB/RIF test detected all definite cases that were smear positive but only 33% of those that were smear negative; a second test (performed in 385 children) improved the detection of smear-negative cases to 61%. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity were 59% and 99%, respectively, for one MTB/RIF test, and 76% and 99% for two. MTB/RIF results were available within a median of 1 day (vs. 12 days for culture). Comment: For detecting TB in children, the MTB/RIF test is substantially better than smear microscopy, especially when two induced specimens are examined. Although the WHO has recommended using a single MTB/RIF test in adults with suspected TB, the authors and an editorialist note the benefit (and the extra cost) of performing a second one in children whose first specimen tests negative. The authors point out the need for increased capacity for sputum induction in children — and the continued need for better methods to diagnose childhood TB. — Mary E. Wilson, MD Published in Journal Watch Infectious Diseases August 3, 2011
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#3
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CCO HIV inPractice™:
A free point-of-care textbook and database resource from the leader in HIV medical education. CCO HIV inPractice™ is a unique Web site designed to provide easy access to accurate, clinically relevant information to improve care for HIV-infected patients. The program was launched in 2009 and the contents are reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#4
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[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
Targeted Testing for Latent TB Use of a simple four-variable risk-factor questionnaire could have reduced testing by 91%. In the U.S., testing for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is currently recommended only for individuals who are at high risk for infection, based on clinical factors. Such targeting greatly reduces the number of people tested and does not negatively affect disease control efforts. The U.S. military is still testing all recruits, even though the case rate of TB is far lower in recruits than that in the general U.S. population. In a recent study involving Army recruits at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, researchers evaluated the accuracy of a risk-factor questionnaire (RFQ) in predicting a positive result on three currently available screening tests (the tuberculin skin test [TST] and 2 interferon- release assays: the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube [QFT-GIT] test and the T-SPOT.TB [T-Spot] test). A total of 1783 recruits completed the study and had valid results (either positive or negative) on all three tests. Of these, 105 (5.9%) had a positive TST. A four-variable RFQ model, with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 92% for predicting TST positivity, showed the best bias-variance trade-off. The variables included in this model were (1) close contact with a person who had active TB, (2) birth in a country with TB prevalence 20 per 100,000, (3) residence with a parent who was born outside the U.S., and (4) prior positive TST results. Only 166 participants (9%) were positive for any of the four variables; targeted testing of just those recruits would have reduced TB testing by 91%. The four-variable RFQ had a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 91% in predicting positive results on either the QFT-GIT or the T-Spot. Impact of targeted testing for latent tuberculosis infection using commercially available diagnostics. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
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Ìíå ïîêàçàëàñü èíòåðåñíîé ýòà èíôîðìàöèÿ. Õîòÿ, îíà, íàâåðíî, áîëåå äëÿ ïàðàçèòîëîãîâ, íåæåëè äëÿ èíôåêöèîíèñòîâ.
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Öèòàòà:
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[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
Öèòàòà:
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#7
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Effectiveness of Sofosbuvir-based Regimens in Genotype 1 and 2 Hepatitis C Virus Infection in 4026 U.S. Veterans [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#8
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Managing HBV in pregnancy. Prevention, Prophylaxis, Treatment and Follow-up
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#9
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[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
Êðàòêî î âèðóñíûõ ãåïàòèòàõ A, B, C, D, E ñ EASL-2017
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
#10
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Recurrent Optic Neuritis as the Only Manifestation of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Flare
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Þñèô Àëõàçîâ. |
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Ïîäðîáíîå îïèñàíèå îäíîãî èç ïåðâûõ çàêîí÷åííûõ ñëó÷àåâ êîðîíàâèðóñíîé èíôåêöèè (nCov-2019) â ÑØÀ.
Àâòîð ïåðåâîäà êàðäèîëîã Áðîäñêèé Ì. Ñ. (ïîðòàë doctornarabote.ru): "Ïîäðîáíî îïèñàíà äèíàìèêà ñèìïòîìîâ, ëàáîðàòîðíûõ äàííûõ è ðåíòãåíîëîãè÷åñêîé êàðòèíû (î÷åíü íàãëÿäíûå èëëþñòðàöèè). Ñàìà ñòàòüÿ çäåñü - [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Ñëó÷àé, î êîòîðîì èäåò ðå÷ü, çàôèêñèðîâàí ó 35-ëåòíåãî ìóæ÷èíû, êîòîðûé îáðàòèëñÿ â îòäåëåíèå íåîòëîæíîé ïîìîùè íà 4-é äåíü çàáîëåâàíèÿ ñ æàëîáàìè íà êàøåëü è ñóáúåêòèâíî îùóùàåìóþ ëèõîðàäêó (ÿ òàê ïîíèìàþ, èçìåðåíèå òåìïåðàòóðû â äîìàøíèõ óñëîâèÿõ ó íèõ íå òàê ïîïóëÿðíî, êàê ó íàñ, âåçäå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ôðàçà «ñóáúåêòèâíî îùóùàåìàÿ ëèõîðàäêà»), êîòîðûé ñîîáùèë, ÷òî âåðíóëñÿ 15 ÿíâàðÿ ïîñëå ïîåçäêè ê ñâîåé ñåìüå â Êèòàé (Óõàíü). Îí ñîîáùèë, ÷òî îí íå áûë íà ðûíêå ìîðåïðîäóêòîâ â Óõàíå, íå êîíòàêòèðîâàë ñ áîëüíûìè ÎÐÇ âî âðåìÿ ïîåçäêè â Êèòàé. Íî ñëûøàë èíôîðìàöèþ CDC îá óãðîçå ýïèäåìèè è ïîýòîìó îáðàòèëñÿ ê ìåäèêàì ïðè ïåðâûõ ñèìïòîìàõ.  àíàìíåçå ïàöèåíòà ãèïåðòðèãëèöåðèäåìèÿ, â îñòàëüíîì – «ïðàêòè÷åñêè çäîðîâ», íå êóðèò. Ïðè îñìîòðå òåìïåðàòóðà 37.2°C, ÀÄ 134/87 mm Hg, ×ÑÑ = 110/ìèí., ×ÄÄ = 16/ìèí., ñàòóðàöèÿ – 96% ïðè äûõàíèè îêðóæàþùèì âîçäóõîì. Ïðè àóñêóëüòàöèè ë¸ãêèõ âûÿâëåíû õðèïû, ñòàðòîâàÿ ðåíòãåíîãðàììà ïàòîëîãèè íå âûÿâèëà (ðèñ.1). Ñêðèíèíã-òåñò íà ãðèïï À è B – îòðèöàòåëüíû. Òåñò (NAAT) ìàçêà èç çåâà è íîñà íà âèðóñû ÎÐÇ (áûëè ãîòîâû óæå ÷åðåç 48 ÷àñîâ), - ãðèïï À è B, ïàðàãðèïï, ðåñïèðàòîðíî-ñèíöèòèàëüíûé âèðóñ, ðèíîâèðóñ, àäåíîâèðóñ è ÷åòûðå èçâåñòíûõ øòàììà êîðîíàâèðóñà, âûçûâàþùèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ ó ÷åëîâåêà ((HKU1, NL63, 229E, and OC43), - òàêæå äàëè îòðèöàòåëüíûé ðåçóëüòàò. 20 ÿíâàðÿ CDC (Öåíòð ïî êîíòðîëþ è ïðîôèëàêòèêå çàáîëåâàíèé ÑØÀ) ñîîáùèë, ÷òî â ìàçêàõ èç çåâà è íîñà áîëüíîãî îáíàðóæåí 2019-nCoV. Ïðè ïîñòóïëåíèè â ñòàöèîíàð áîëüíîé æàëîâàëñÿ íà óïîðíûé ñóõîé êàøåëü, â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäóþùèõ 2-õ äíåé – íà òîøíîòó è ðâîòó. Áîëè â ãðóäíîé êëåòêå èëè îäûøêè íå áûëî. Âèòàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè îñòàâàëèñü â ïðåäåëàõ íîðìàëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé. Ïðè îñìîòðå âûÿâëåíà ñóõîñòü ñëèçèñòûõ îáîëî÷åê, â îñòàëüíîì – áåç îñîáåííîñòåé. Áîëüíîé ïîëó÷àë ïîääåðæèâàþùóþ òåðàïèþ, 2 ëèòðà ôèçðàñòâîðà è îíäàíñåòðîí äëÿ îáëåã÷åíèÿ ðâîòû. Ñî 2-ãî ïî 5-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè (ñ 6-ãî ïî 9-é äåíü çàáîëåâàíèÿ (äàëåå - ÄÁ)) æèçíåííûå ïîêàçàòåëè îñòàâàëèñü â öåëîì ñòàáèëüíûìè, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ýïèçîäîâ ëèõîðàäêè è òàõèêàðäèè (ðèñ.2). Ñîõðàíÿëèñü æàëîáû íà íåïðîäóêòèâíûé êàøåëü, ïîÿâèâøóþñÿ ñëàáîñòü. Óòðîì 2-ãî äíÿ ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè ó áîëüíîãî áûë ÷àñòûé æèäêèé ñòóë è äèñêîìôîðò â æèâîòå. Âòîðîé ïîäîáíûé ýïèçîä íàáëþäàëñÿ íî÷üþ òîãî æå äíÿ. Îáðàçöû ïëàçìû êðîâè, ôåêàëèé, è ïîâòîðíî – èç çåâà è íîñà îòïðàâëåíû â ëàáîðàòîðèþ. Âñå êðîìå îáðàçöîâ êðîâè îêàçàëèñü ïîëîæèòåëüíû íà íàëè÷èå 2019-nCoV. Ëå÷åíèå â ýòîò ïåðèîä îñòàâàëîñü ïîääåðæèâàþùèì. Òàê, ïî íåîáõîäèìîñòè áîëüíîé ïîëó÷àë àöåòàìèíîôåí (ïàðàöåòàìîë) 650 mg êàæäûå 4 ÷àñà è 600 mg èáóïðîôåíà êàæäûå 6 ÷àñîâ. Îí òàêæå ïîëó÷àë 600 mg ãâàéôåíåçèíà äëÿ îáëåã÷åíèÿ êàøëÿ è ïðèìåðíî 6 ëèòðîâ ôèçðàñòâîðà çà ïåðâûå 6 äíåé ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè.  ëàáîðàòîðíûõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ íà 3-é è 5-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè (ñ 7-ãî ïî 9-é ÄÁ) íàáëþäàëàñü ëåéêîïåíèÿ è óìåðåííàÿ òðîìáîöèòîïåíèÿ, ïîâûøåíèå ÊÔÊ. Êðîìå òîãî, íàáëþäàëèñü îòêëîíåíèÿ â ïå÷åíî÷íûõ ïðîáàõ - ÙÔ, ÀëÀò, ÀñÀÒ, ËÄà (öèôðû â ñòàòüå), êîòîðûå îêàçàëèñü ïîâûøåíû íà 5-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïåðåìåæàþùóþñÿ ëèõîðàäêó, áûëè âçÿòû ïðîáû êðîâè íà ñòåðèëüíîñòü, íà 4-é äåíü ðîñòà êóëüòóðû íå ïîëó÷åíî. Ðåíòãåíîãðàììà ÎÃÊ íà 3-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè (7-é ÄÁ) îñòàâàëàñü íîðìàëüíîé, îäíàêî ïîâòîðíàÿ ðåíòãåíîãðàììà, âûïîëíåííàÿ íî÷üþ íà 5-é ÄÃ, âûÿâèëà ïðèçíàêè ïíåâìîíèè â íèæíåé äîëè ëåâîãî ëåãêîãî (ðèñ. 4). Ýòà íàõîäêà ñîâïàëà ïî âðåìåíè ñ ïàäåíèåì ñàòóðàöèè ïî äàííûì ïóëüñîêñèìåòðèè äî 90% ïðè äûõàíèè îêðóæàþùèì âîçäóõîì. Ñ 6-ãî äíÿ íà÷àòà ðåñïèðàòîðíàÿ ïîääåðæêà èíãàëÿöèåé êèñëîðîäà ÷åðåç íîñîâóþ êàíþëþ ñî ñêîðîñòüþ 2ë/ìèí. Ó÷èòûâàÿ èçìåíåíèÿ â êëèíè÷åñêîé êàðòèíå è âåðîÿòíîñòü ãîñïèòàëüíîé ïíåâìîíèè, íà÷àòà àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíàÿ òåðàïèÿ - âàíêîìèöèí (1750ìã íàãðóçî÷íîé äîçû ïëþñ 1,0 êàæäûå 8 ÷àñîâ âíóòðèâåííî) + öåôåïèì (êàæäûå 8 ÷àñîâ âíóòðèâåííî). Íà 6-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè (10-é ÄÁ), ÷åòâåðòàÿ ðåíòãåíîãðàììà âûÿâèëà ëèíåéíûå òåíè â íèæíèõ îòäåëàõ îáîèõ ë¸ãêèõ, óêàçûâàþùèå íà ðàçâèòèå àòèïè÷íîé ïíåâìîíèè (ðèñ. 5), ïðè àóñêóëüòàöèè âûñëóøèâàëèñü õðèïû ñ îáåèõ ñòîðîí. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ðåíòãåíîëîãè÷åñêóþ êàðòèíó, íåîáõîäèìîñòü ðåñïèðàòîðíîé ïîääåðæêè, ñîõðàíÿþùóþñÿ ôåáðèëüíóþ ëèõîðàäêó, ïîçèòèâíûå ðåçóëüòàòû òåñòîâ íà 019-nCoV RNA â ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ïðîáàõ è îïóáëèêîâàííûå îò÷åòû î ðàçâèòèè (ïðè äàííîé èíôåêöèè) òÿæåëîé ïíåâìîíèè è ïîÿâëåíèè ïðèçíàêîâ ïîäîáíîé ïíåâìîíèè ó äàííîãî áîëüíîãî, ïðèíÿòî ðåøåíèå îá ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ïðîòèâîâèðóñíîé òåðàïèè. Ëå÷åíèå ðåìäåçèâèðîì âíóòðèâåííî (ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîå ïðåäëåêàðñòâî-àíàëîã íóêëåîòèäà) íà÷àòî âå÷åðîì 7-ãî äíÿ ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè, ïðîõîäèëî áåç ïîáî÷íûõ ýôåêòîâ. Òîãäà æå îòìåíåí âàíêîìèöèí, íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü – öåôèïèì, ïîñëå íåîäíîêðàòíûõ îòðèöàòåëüíûõ òåñòîâ íà ïðîêàëüöèòîíèí è ÏÖÐ íàçàëüíûõ ïðîá íà ìåòèöèëëèí-óñòîé÷èâûé Staphylococcus aureus. Íà 8-é äåíü ãîñïèòàëèçàöèè (12 ÄÁ), ñîñòîÿíèå áîëüíîãî óëó÷øèëîñü. Ðåñïèðàòîðíàÿ ïîääåðæêà áûëà îòìåíåíà, ñàòóðàöèÿ ïîâûñèëàñü äî 94-96% ïðè äûõàíèè îêðóæàþùèì âîçäóõîì. Äâóñòîðîííèå õðèïû èñ÷åçëè. Àïïåòèò ïàöèåíòà óëó÷øèëñÿ, äðóãèõ ñèìïòîìîâ, êðîìå ïåðèîäè÷åñêè âîçíèêàþùåãî ñóõîãî êàøëÿ è ðèíîðåè, íå íàáëþäàëîñü. Íà 30 ÿíâàðÿ 2020ã áîëüíîé îñòàåòñÿ â áîëüíèöå. Ëèõîðàäêè íåò, êàê è îñòàëüíûõ ñèìïòîìîâ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ñóõîãî êàøëÿ, èíòåíñèâíîñòü êîòîðîãî ñíèæàåòñÿ. Îïóáëèêîâàí îò÷åò î ïåðâîì çàêîí÷åííîì ñëó÷àå íîâîé êîðîíàðîâèðóñíîé èíôåêöèè â ÑØÀ – [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Ïîëîæèòåëüíàÿ äèíàìèêà äîñòèãíóòà íà ôîíå ïðèìåíåíèÿ ðåìäåçèâèðà, ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîãî ïðåäëåêàðñòâà - àíàëîãà íóêëåîòèäà, îáíàäåæèâàþùèå íàáëþäåíèÿ î ïðèìåíåíèè êîòîðîãî âî âðåìÿ ýïèäåìèè ëèõîðàäêè Ýáîëà â Çàïàäíîé Àôðèêå â 2013-2016ãã áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû ðàíåå. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Íà ìîìåíò ïóáëèêàöèè ïàöèåíò åù¸ â ñòàöèîíàðå, íî òåìïåðàòóðà òåëà íîðìàëèçîâàëàñü, õîòÿ ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ êàøåëü. Ïîäòâåðäèëèñü ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ î ïåðåäà÷å âèðóñà îò èíôèöèðîâàííîãî ñóáúåêòà óæå â èíêóáàöèîííîì ïåðèîäå – [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Öåíòð ïî êîíòðîëþ è ïðîôèëàêòèêå çàáîëåâàíèé ÑØÀ (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)) ðåêîìåíäóåò êðîìå ñòàíäàðòíîé çàùèòû îò âîçäóøíî-êàïåëüíîé è êîíòàêòíîé ïåðåäà÷è - çàùèòó ãëàç. Îáñóæäàåòñÿ ïåðåäà÷à âèðóñà ÷åðåç êîíúþíêòèâó(!)" __________________
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Èíòåðåñíî, à åñòü âûçäîðîâåâøèå ÁÅÇ ïðîòèâîâèðóñíîé òåðàïèè?
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