#1
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Êîãäà æäàòü äèàáåò ó äî÷êè 6 ëåò (ïîëîæèòåëüíûå AT-GAD)?
Äî÷êå 6 ëåò, ïåðâîêëàññíèöà, ïîñëå íî÷íîé ðâîòû ñäàëè àíàëèç êðîâè, îáùèé ïëþñ íà ãëþêîçó, âåíîçíàÿ êðîâü. Ãëþêîçà 5.8.
×åðåç äâå íåäåëè ïîâòîð íî÷íîé ðâîòû, ìíîãîêðàòíî. Ãëþêîçà â âåíîçíîé êðîâè óòðîì íàòîùàê 6.2. Ïðè÷èíû, ïî÷åìó ñäàëè àíàëèç íà ñàõàð - íåò åå, ïðîñòî ðåøèëà äîáàâèòü ãëþêîçó ê îáùåìó àíàëèçó êðîâè. Íàñëåäñòâåííîñòè íåò. Ïîñëå ïîõîäà ê ýíäîêðèíîëîãó ñäàëè äîï.àíàëèçû íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü. Ðåçóëüòàòû: Ãëþêîçà 4.9 (íîðìà 3.3 -5.5) Ò4 ñâîáîäíûé 14.31 (íîðìà 10.80 - 16.40) ÒÒà 1.37 (íîðìà 0.70 - 4.17) HbA1Ñ 5.3 Èíñóëèí 4.4 ÀÒ-ÒÏÎ < 3.0 (íîðìà < 5.6) Êîðòèçîë 171 (íîðìà 101,2 - 535,7) ÀÒ ê èíñóëèíó, IgG 5.36 (íîðìà < 10.0) AT-GAD, IgG 27.26 (íîðìà <10) Ãëþêîçû è àöåòîíîâ â ìî÷å íåò. Óçè îðãàíîâ áðþøíîé ïîëîñòè â íîðìå, ùèòîâèäêà â íîðìå, íåìíîãî óâåëè÷åíà ïå÷åíü. Ïîñëå ýòèõ àíàëèçîâ ñòàëè äåëàòü óòðîì àíàëèç ãëþêîìåòðîì Fine Test. Âñå â ïðåäåëàõ íîðìû, íî ìû ñîáëþäàåì äèåòó ¹9. Ïîñëå äèåòè÷åñêîãî çàâòðàêà ÷åðåç äâà ÷àñà ñàõàð 5.1-5.4. Äâà ãîäà íàçàä äåëàëè ãåíåòè÷íñêèé ïàñïîðò. Òàì óêàçàí ïîâûøåííûé ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ äèàáåòà òèïà 2. Òåêóùèé äèàãíîç âðà÷à-ýíäîêðèíîëîãà: íàðóøåíèå ãëèêåìèè íàòîùàê. Ýíäîêðèíîëîã ñêàçàëà, ÷òî áîëüøîé ðèñê ÑÄ1, äåëàòü àíàëèç êðîâè ãëþêîìåòðîì ðàç â íåäåëþ ïëþñ ãëèêèðîâàííûé ãåìîãëîáèí ðàç â êâàðòàë, íàáëþäàòü ïîñòîÿííî. Òàêæå îòìå÷ó, ÷òî ïîñëå ââåäåíèÿ äèåòû ñòàëà ÷àùå ïðîñèòü åñòü, ÿ ïîêà ñêëîíÿþñü ê òîìó, ÷òî àïïåòèò íå ïîâûøåííûé, à ïðîñòî äèåòà íå äàåò âñåãî òîãî, ÷òî îíà ðàíåå ïîëó÷àëà ñ åäîé. Ïüåò íå ìàëî, íî è íå ëèòðàìè â äåíü. Îêîëî 2 ëèòðîâ â äåíü.  òóàëåò õîäèò íî÷üþ 1 ðàç. Ðîñò 125 ñì. Âåñ 24.5 êã. Íå õóäååò, íî è íå íàáèðàåò ñ àâãóñòà (ñåé÷àñ êîíåö îêòÿáðÿ).  öåëîì êîíå÷íî õóäåíüêàÿ. Ïàïà ó íàñ 2 ìåòðà ðîñòîì, õóäîùàâûé. Ëèìôîóçëû íå óâåëè÷åíû, íåò íè÷åãî â ïàõîâîé îáëàñòè. Õîäèì íà ïëàâàíèå, òàíöû è áîëüøîé òåííèñ. Íå óñòàåò è â öåëîì íå ãîâîðèò îá óñòàëîñòè. Ðóêè ïàðó ðàç ñîõëè, ïðîñèëà êðåì. Êàæåòñÿ íåìíîãî ýìîöèîíàëüíåé, ÷åì ðàíåå, ìîæåò çàïëàêàòü èç-çà åðóíäû. Âîïðîñû: 1. ñóäÿ ïî AT-GAD, IgG 27.26, ýòî ðàçâå ðèñê èëè ôàêò ÑÄ1, íî ïðîñòî îòñðî÷åííûé? 2. åñòü ëè êàêîé òî ïðîãíîç ïî ñðîêàì íàñòóïëåíèÿ? 3. êàê ÷àñòî ñäàâàòü àíàëèçû, ÷òîáû íå òðàâìèðîâàòü ðåáåíêà, íî ïðè ýòîì äåðæàòü ñèòóàöèþ ïîä êîíòðîëåì? P.S. Ïîìíþ îäèí ïîñò ìàìî÷êè 9-ëåòíåé äåâî÷êè, ó êîòîðîé ñëó÷àéíî íàøëè âûñîêèé ñàõàð. Òàê âîò ó íèõ áûë ñòîìàòèò, äîëãî ëå÷èëè åãî, âèäèìî ãäå-òî â ïðîìåæóòêå ëå÷åíèÿ ó äî÷êè íàøëè âûñîêèé ñàõàð. Áîëåå äâóõ ëåò íà äèåòå ñèäåëè, íå áûëî ìàíèôåñòàöèè, ñòàâèëè ëàäà äèàáåò. Íî ÷åðåç äâà ãîäà îíè âñå-òàêè íà èíñóëèíå. Ó íàñ ïåðâûé âûñîêèé ñàõàð îáíàðóæåí â ñåíòÿáðå 2021. À â àâãóñòå 2021 íà îòäûõå â Òóðöèè ó íàñ ñëó÷èëñÿ ñòîìàòèò ñ òåìïåðàòóðîé 39.5, çóáû ðàñòóò, ìåñòíûé äîêòîð ïðîïèñàë òîãäà àíòèáèîòèêè. Ìîæåò çàçðÿ ïðèâîæó ïðèìåð. Ïðîñòî îäíè è òå æå áîëÿ÷êè è ñèìïòîìû, âîò è öåïëÿþñü. Ïðîøó ñîâåòà. |
#2
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Åñëè íàéäåíû òðè íàèáîëåå ðàñïîîñòðàíåííûõ àíòèòåëà - ê GAD, ê îñòðîâêîâûì êëåòêàì, ê èíñóëèíó, òî ñ 80 ïðîöåíòíîé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ â òå÷åíèå 5 ðàçîâüåòñÿ äèàáåò. È ïîëèêó êîíôåòû è äèåòû íå èìåþò ê äèàáåòó 1 òèïà íè ìàëåéøåãî îòíîøåíèÿ Òî â ïîäîáíûå Âàøåé èãðå èãðû ëþäè íå èãðàþò. Íó à ÷èòàòü ïðî ÷óæèå áîëåçíè çàâñåãäàïåìüå íà ïîëüçó è äåòÿì íà ðàäîñòü
Ãåíåòèêà ÑÄ2,- ðàçâîä íà áàáêè. ×òî åùå áóäåì óãëóáëåííî èñêàòü, ïîêà âñå õîðîøî?
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#3
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Çäðàâñòâóéòå, ñïàñèáî, ïîäñêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, îòâåò íà òðåòèé âîïðîñ:
3. êàê ÷àñòî ñäàâàòü àíàëèçû, ÷òîáû íå òðàâìèðîâàòü ðåáåíêà, íî ïðè ýòîì äåðæàòü ñèòóàöèþ ïîä êîíòðîëåì? |
#4
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Ñêàæèòå, Êàê äîëãî ÑÄ1 îñòàíåòñÿ íåçàìåòíûì, è ðåáåíîê áóäåò êàçàòüñÿ çäîðîâûì è ñ÷àñòëèâûì è ñêàêàòü êîçëèêîì?
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#5
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ß ñåé÷àñ íå ñêëîííà íîðìàëüíî èíòåðïðåòèðîâàòü ãèïåðáîëû, îñîáåííî êîãäà íà î÷íîì ïðèåìå îäèí èç äâóõ ýíäîêðèíîëîãîâ âûñøåé êàòåãîðèè ãîâîðèò, ÷òî âûñî÷àéøèé ðèñê ÑÄ1, à âòîðîé, ÷òî "ïðîöåññ çàïóùåí, íóæíî âðåìÿ, íàáëþäàéòå". Ìîæíî ñëîæèòü ðóêè è ïðîñòî æäàòü? Àíàëèçû íå íóæíî ñäàâàòü?
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#6
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âûñøèå êàòåãîðèè â Ìèíñêå - êàê âûñøàÿ ìåðà íàêàçàíèÿ ïðåñòóïëåíèÿ, íå âñåãäà îçíà÷àþò ÷òî-òî õîðîøåå, áåç ñèìïòîìîâ - äåëàéòå 1 ðàç â ãîä, ïðè íàëè÷èè ñèìïòîìîâ - òîò÷àñ
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
#7
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âîò ïðèìåð, êàê âåëè äåòåé â êîëîðàäñêîì Äåíâåðå, ÑØÀ, íî â ðàìêàõ êëèíè÷åñêîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ: ó 112 äåòåé áûëè àíòèòåëà è â òå÷åíèå 5 ëåò íàáëþäåíèÿ çà íèìè ó 30 ðàçâèëñÿ äèàáåò:
112 have developed islet autoantibodies and 30 have progressed to diabetes; median of 5.3 years, and 25% have been followed for 8 years or more èõ íàáëþäàëè ñ èíòåðâàëîì êàæäûå 3-6 ìåñ., íî ðîäèòåëè áûëè ïðåäóïðåæäåíû î ïåðâûõ ñèìïòîìàõ äèàáåòà: If a child was found to be autoantibody positive, the family was notified of the result and instructed in symptoms of hyperglycemia. They were then followed in the study clinic every 3–6 months for islet autoantibodies, HbA1c, and random blood glucose obtained on a glucometer. Referral for evaluation by a pediatric endocrinologist was initiated if the child was symptomatic, if the random blood glucose was elevated (>6 mmol/l), or if the HbA1c increased toward the upper limit of the normal range (6.4%).
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
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#8
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Ñïàñèáî Âàì áîëüøîå! Ýòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ î÷åíü öåííû è áåçóñëîâíî ïîìîãàþò íåñâåäóùèì ðîäèòåëÿì õîòü íåìíîãî ðàññòàâèòü òî÷êè íàä i
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#9
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Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷, ÿ íàøëà ñòàòüþ, î êîòîðîé âû ïèñàëè âûøå. Ñïàñèáî.
Òàì åùå åñòü ñòàòèñòèêà îòíîñèòåëüíî òîãî, êàêèå àóòîàíòèòåëà âûÿâëåíû (íî óæå ïîñëå íàñòóïëåíèÿ ÑÄ): Twenty-seven of the 30 children diagnosed with diabetes had autoantibodies measured within 1 year of diagnosis. Of these 27, 5 (18.5%) were positive for one autoantibody, 14 (51.8%) were positive for two autoantibodies, and 8 (29.6%) were positive for three autoantibodies at the last visit before diagnosis of diabetes. Ó íàñ âûÿâëåíû òîëüêî AT-GAD, ÷òî ìåíÿ îáíàäåæèâàåò. |
#10
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 ïîèñêàõ âçàèìîñâÿçè GAD è ÑÄ íàøëà èíôîðìàöèþ îá èññëåäîâàíèÿõ â Ôèíëÿíäèè. Âîçìîæíî êîìó-òî ïðèãîäèòñÿ.
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#11
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òàê âðîäå ýòà ñòàòüÿ íèêîèì îáðàçîì íå îòíîñèòñÿ ê âàøåìó ðåáåíêó - îíà ïðî âçðîñëûõ, à òàì â ñòàòüå ñ ïåðâûõ ñòðîê ïðî ñóùåñòâ. ðàçëè÷èå íàõîäîê è òðàåêòîðèé áîëåçíè ó äåòåé è âçðîñëûõ, èëè Âû íà ñåáÿ ïðèìåðÿåòå?
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
#12
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Íå íàäî íàñ ïðîñâåùàòü - ìû âïîëíå óìååì íàõîäèòü ëèòåðàòóðó
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#13
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Êîíå÷íî, íå õîòåëîñü áû "ïðèìåðÿòü" íà ñâîåãî ðåáåíêà. Ïîíèìàþ, ÷òî èññëåäîâàíèÿ èäóò è â ÑØÀ, Åâðîïå è Êèòàå.  öåëîì èùó âçàèìîñâÿçü, ÷òîáû õîòü êàê òî ðàçîáðàòüñÿ â ýòîì âîïðîñå, ïóñòü äàæå íà ïðèìåðå âçðîñëûõ.
Êñòàòè, êèòàéñêèå èññëåäîâàòåëè áîëåå êàòåãîðè÷íû îòíîñèòåëüíî äåòåé (((((: Autoantibodies might be present 10–20 years before autoimmune diabetes diagnosis.9,10 There is no doubt that autoantibodies predict the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children.24 However, inconsistent results have been found regarding the predictive ability of GADA for diabetes in adults, so its predictive value in the normal adult population is controversial. |
#14
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Áåç íàøåãî ó÷àñòèÿ, ìîæíî? Ïðèâîäèìàÿ Âàìè èíôîðìàöèÿ - àçû äëÿ íàñ, íå çíàþ, çà÷åì îíà Âàì- ìîæåò , ïðîñòî ïîèãðàòü ñ ðåáåíêîì èëè ïîëû ïîìûòü?
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#15
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ýòî ïîñëåäíåå, ÷òî ìû ìîæåì Âàì ïðåäëîæèòü ïî÷èòàòü ïî òåìå, âñå îñòàëüíûå âàøè ññûëêè áóäóò óäàëåíû è óäàëÿòüñÿ âïðåäü:
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] âñþ ïðèëîæåíèå æóðíàëà ìîæåò áûòü èíòåðåñíûì, òàê êàê ïîñâÿùåíî î÷åíü ìíîãèì âîïðîñàì äèàáåòà ó äåòåé [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |