#1
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Ïëàâèêñ è ñïèíàëüíàÿ àíåñòåçèÿ?
Ïîñòóïèëà ïàöèåíòêà ~60 ë. ñ ïåðåëîìîì áåäðà. Äâà èíôàðêòà ìåñÿöà 3 íàçàä. Ìåñÿö íàçàä - ìàììàðî-êîðîíàðíîå øóíòèðîâàíèå, ïîëó÷àåò ïëàâèêñ. Òåðàïåâò â ïàíèêå - âîîáùå íè÷åãî íèççÿ. Ñâîçèëè ê êàðäèîëîãàì - íèêàêèõ ïðîòèâîïîêàçàíèé ê ëþáîé îïåðàöèè. Àíåñòåçèîëîãè ñðàçó õîòÿò îòìåíèòü ïëàâèêñ, à ÷åðåç íåäåëþ äåëàòü ñïèíàëüíóþ. Ïîòîìó êàê ñïðîñèëè ãëàâíîãî àíåñòåçèîëîãà îáëàñòè, à òîò òàê ñêàçàë. Ñàìè íàøè àíåñòåçèîëîãè, ïî-ìîåìó, ïîáàèâàþòñÿ ïðîâåðèòü îáîñíîâàííîñòü ýòîé äèðåêòèâû. Ïîñìîòðåë ëèòåðàòóðó - ïîëíûé ðàçíîáîé, êòî-òî îòìåíÿåò, êòî-òî íåò. Ïðè÷åì êòî íå îòìåíÿåò - ïðîáëåì íåòó, ïèøóò.
Åñòü íà ñåãîäíÿ åñëè íå îêîí÷àòåëüíûé, òî õîòü õîòü êàêîé-òî ñåðüåçíûé ýâèäåíñ íà ýòó òåìó? Ñïàñèáî. |
#2
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Àêòóàëüíûé ýâèäåíñ êàê ðàç è îçâó÷èë ãëàâíûé àíåñòåçèîëîã îáëàñòè. Ñîãëàñíî àêòóàëüíûì ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì ASRA (American Society of Regional Anesthesia), êëîïèäîãðåëü äîëæåí áûòü îòìåíåí çà 7 äíåé äî ïëàíèðóåìîé îïåðàöèè ïîä ðåãèîíàëüíîé àíåñòåçèåé. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíèçèòü ðèñê ýïèäóðàëüíîé ãåìàòîìû (è ñíèçèòü ïåðèîïåðàöèîííóþ êðîâîïîòåðþ, êñòàòè òîæå). http://www.asra.com/consensus-statements/2.html
Îäíàêî, ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè ðàäè, ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî äàæå ó ïàöèåíòîâ, ïîëó÷àþùèõ àíòèòðîìáîöèòàðíûå ïðåïàðàòû è àíòèêîàãóëÿíòû, ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ ýïèäóðàëüíîé ãåìàòîìû äîñòàòî÷íî íèçîê. Åùå ññûëêè â òåìó: http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/99/3/316 http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/99/4/594 |
#3
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Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
We conclude that the risk/benefit ratio of preoperative withdrawal of antiplatelet drugs in order to perform a regional or neuraxial blockade is not justified. Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî íå íàäî ðàäè ÑÀ îòìåíÿòü ïëàâèêñ, ëó÷øå ñäåëàòü äðóãîé âèä àíåñòåçèè? Èëè ÷òî íå îòìåíÿéòå ïëàâèêñ è äåëàéòå ñïèíàëüíóþ? Íàñ÷åò ïîâûøåííûõ êðîâîòå÷åíèé - íå ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ ýòî íà ïîäîáíûõ îïåðàöèÿõ. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] This study has demonstrated that patients taking clopidogrel (Plavix) are at no increased risk of bleeding complications or increased transfusional requirement after early hip fracture surgery when compared those taking aspirin or no anticoagulant. Simply taking clopidogrel should not be considered a contraindication for early hip fracture surgery or result in delaying treatment. Âèä àíåñòåçèè åùå áû óêàçàëè, çàðàçû. Ïðèäåòñÿ ñïðîñèòü.  Àíãëèè ñ ýòèì âîïðîñîì òîæå èíòåðåñíî, îäíî íàçâàíèå ñòàòüè ÷åãî ñòîèò: Operative delay for orthopedic patients on clopidogrel (plavix): a complete lack of consensus (2008). Èíòåðåñíî, îíè ÷òî, ýòè ðåêîìåíäàöèè ASRA íå ÷èòàëè? (Ñîìíåâàþñü) Åñëè ÷èòàëè, êàê ó íèõ õâàòàåò äóõó âîïðåêè ýòèì ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì äåéñòâîâàòü? Âèäèìî, êàêèå-òî äðóãèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ÷èòàþò? Êàêèå? |
#4
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Áîëåå àêòóàëüíûõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî ïðîáëåìå ïîêà íå îïóáëèêîâàíî.
Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Guidelines recommend withholding clopidogrel for ≥7 days preoperatively for patients undergoing elective surgery, but no recommendations are currently available for similar patients being treated for a hip fracture. Òàê ÷òî ðåêîìåíäàöèè âñå ÷èòàþò òå æå ñàìûå. Êðîìå òîãî, èññëåäîâàíèå, ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, âûïîëíåíî íà äîñòàòî÷íî íèçêîì ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîì óðîâíå. È öåííîñòü ïîëó÷åííûõ â íåì ðåçóëüòàòîâ íåâåëèêà. Öèòàòà:
Âî âòîðûõ, .. CONCLUSIONS:: The majority of orthopedic surgery residency programs who responded to the survey wait less than 3 days for urgent surgery and do not delay surgery for emergency cases for patients on clopidogrel. At this point we feel that an early intervention that occurs within approximately 2 days, with the acceptance of the possibility of increased blood loss is in the patient's best interest. Based on the reviewed physiology, a perioperative platelet transfusion may be of some benefit as the transfused platelets would be effective in forming a viable plug. Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå - íàñêîëüêî äåëèêàòíû â ñâîèõ âûâîäàõ àâòîðû. |
#5
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Âîò, êñòàòè, íàøåë åùå îäíó èíòåðåñíóþ ññûëêó: http://www.thrombosisjournal.com/content/5/1/6
"Clopidogrel in Orthopaedic patients: a review of current practice in Scotland" Â èíòðî, îïÿòü òàêè óêàçûâàåòñÿ .. Current guidelines recommend withholding clopidogrel for 7 days pre-operatively. However these are not based on orthopaedic patients. Ñîãëàñíî îïðîñàì, ñóùåñòâóþùàÿ ïðàêòèêà ïåðèîïåðàöèîííîé îòìåíû êëîïèäîãðåëÿ òàêîâà: Of those, 13.9% did not routinely stop it, and 86.1% stopped it 5–21 days pre-operatively (47.2% at 7 days). |
#6
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Öèòàòà:
Âîò ýòî ñàìîå èíòåðåñíîå è åñòü - íà êàêîì îñíîâàíèè îíè íå îòìåíÿþò? |
#7
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Öèòàòà:
Perioperative management of trauma patients admitted on clopidogrel (Plavix). A survey of orthopaedic departments across the United Kingdom.(2007) Òîæå èíòåðåñíûå ðåïçóëüòàòû: 41% (56) stop clopidogrel and operate immediately, 11% (15) stop clopidogrel for between 5 and 10 days pre-operatively, 10% (14) stop clopidogrel for 10 days preoperatively, 19% (26) continue clopidogrel and operate immediately, 19% (26) have another protocol. À âåäü â ýòîì òåêñòå ASRA 2002 ãîäà íàïèñàíî, ÷òî äîëæíî áûòü. Ïî÷åìó çàìåòíàÿ ÷àñòü ñîîáùåñòâà äåéñòâóåò èíà÷å? |
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#8
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Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
È, êàê àâòîðû âûÿâèëè, vast majority of programs 66 (89%) reported no delay to the operating room for patients on clopidogrel. Èíòåðåñíî, â xUSSR òîæå 90% ó÷ðåæäåíèé íå îòêëàäûâàåò íà íåäåëþ hip fracture surgery ó ïàöèåíòîâ íà ïëàâèêñå? È çà ãîäû íåóæåëè íå íàáðàëàñü ñòàòèñòêè, íà ñêîëüêî æå ñïèíàëüíûõ àíåñòåçèé ñëó÷àåòñÿ ýòîò æóïåë, ãåìàòîìà ñïèííàÿ, íà ôîíå ïëàâèêñà, â ÷àñòíîñòè? Ïðî íà ôîíå LMWH âîò ÷òî-òî ïèñàëè, íå ïîìíþ öèôðû òî÷íî, íî øòóê 40 ïî Øòàòàì íàáðàëîñü çà âñå âðåìÿ. Ñ ïëàâèêñîì ðåæå, ÷àùå? |
#9
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Öèòàòà:
Òî åñòü òî, ÷òî åñòü 2002 ã., â êà÷åñòâå guideline äëÿ ýòîãî êîíòåêñòà óæå íå êîòèðóåòñÿ, íàäî ïîíèìàòü. |
#10
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Ïîçâîëüòå âîéòè íàåìíèêó êàïèòàëà (ñ)
Ïàöèåíòêå ïîñëå ÀÊØ, ñòðîãî ãîâîðÿ, ïëàâèêñ ìîæíî îòìåíèòü ñîâñåì (îí åé íå ñëèøêîì-òî íóæåí). È íè÷åãî íå áîÿòüñÿ. Îòìåíà ïðåïàðàòà çà 7 äíåé ñ÷èòàåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íîé. Ïðèêðûâàòüñÿ ÍÌà íå íàäî (äîñòàòî÷íî îáû÷íîé ïðîôèëàêòèêè ÒÝËÀ). |
#11
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 îáùåì-òî íèçêîìîëåêóëÿðíûå ãåïàðèíû â ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîé äîçèðîâêå êàê ðàç è áóäóò ÿâëÿòüñÿ "îáû÷íîé ïðîôèëàêòèêîé ÒÝËÀ" ó ïàöèåíòà ñ ïåðåëîìîì øåéêè áåäðà. ß äóìàþ, Àëåêñàíäð Íèêîëàåâè÷ ñêîðåå îïàñàëñÿ õèðóðãè÷åñêèõ ñëîæíîñòåé â ñâÿçè ñ îòñðî÷êîé îïåðàòèâíîãî âìåøàòåëüñòâà(íàñêîëüêî ÿ ñåáå ïðåäñòàâëÿþ, ÷åì ðàíüøå áóäåò âûïîëíåíî âìåøàòåëüñòâî ïî ïîâîäó ïåðåëîìà, òåì ëó÷øå ìîæåò áûòü ðåçóëüòàò) è îïàñíîñòåé, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ äëèòåëüíîé èììîáèëèçàöèåé ïàöèåíòà (áîëåå âûñîêèé ðèñê ÒÝËÀ, ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîëåæíåé, ïíåâìîíèè èòï).
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#12
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Öèòàòà:
Ñêîðåå îñëîæíåíèé.  ýòîìó ñàêðàëüíîìó ñðîêó 7 äíåé ïðè ïðàâèëüíîì òå÷åíèè ñîáûòèé ïàöèåíòêà äîëæíà äíÿ 4 óæå ãóëÿòü ïî äîìó. À êîãäà ìû íà÷èíàåì îòêëàäûâàòü îïåðàöèþ, íà÷èíàåòñÿ êîëëåêöèÿ îñëîæíåíèé. À åñëè ïàöèåíòà çàðàçèëè ïðîëåæíÿìè, ïíåâìîíèåé, ïñèõîçîì è âñåì îñòàëüíûì, òî âûáðàòüñÿ èç ýòîãî áûëî áîëüøîé ïðîáëåìîé. Ðàíüøå áûëà "óñòàíîâêà", ñêàæåì, íà ôîíå ïíåâìîíèè íå îïåðèðîâàòü. Ñåé÷àñ ìíîãèå ýòè ïåðåæèòêè óäàëîñü óñòðàíèòü, íî, êàê âèäíî, íå âñå. |
#13
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À ïî÷åìó ïîëó÷àåò ïëàâèêñ? Àñïèðèí íå ïåðåíîñèò? Íåðåäêî êëîïè ó íàñ íàçíà÷àþò íåîáîñíîâàííî. Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû íå ôàêò ÷òî ðèñê ãåìàòîìû íà ìîíîòåðàïèè êëîïè íàìíîãî áîëüøå, ÷åì íà ìîíîòåðàïèè àñïèðèíîì...
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#14
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ß êàê êàðäèîëîã íå âèæó ó ïàöèåíòêè ïîêàçàíèé äëÿ êëîïèäîãðåëÿ (åñëè ó íåå íåò ïðîòèâîïîêàçàíèé ê àñïèðèíó).
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#15
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Óâàæàåìûé êîëëåãà Çóáàðåâ!
À êàêèå íîðìû Âû èñïîëüçóåòå äëÿ îöåíêè ýôôåêòèâíîñòè è ê êàêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ñòðåìèòåñü? ÇÛ: Ïîä âîñïðîèçâîäèìîñòüþ ÿ ïîíèìàë ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü (â ïðåäåëàõ óñòàíîâëåííîé ïîãðåøíîñòè) ðåçóëüòàòîâ èçìåðåíèé îäíîé è òîé æå âåëè÷èíû, ïîëó÷åííûõ â ðàçíûõ ìåñòàõ, ðàçíûìè ìåòîäàìè, ðàçíûìè ñðåäñòâàìè, ðàçíûìè îïåðàòîðàìè, â ðàçíîå âðåìÿ, íî ïðèâåäåííûõ ê îäíèì è òåì æå óñëîâèÿì èçìåðåíèé, à íå ïðîñòîòó âûïîëíåíèÿ òåñòà. |