Рекомендации кардиологов по отбору и отсеву спортсменов.
Task Force 1: Classification of Sport
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Наиболее безопасны боулинг, керлинг, гольф, йога.
Остальные градируются по нагрузкам: динамические и/или статические.
Цитата:
Causes of Sudden Death in Athletes
The cardiovascular causes of sudden death in young athletes have been well documented in forensic databases (5–9). These deaths occur in both sexes (although more commonly in males, by 9:1); in minorities, prominently including African-Americans and in a wide range of individual and team sports. In the United States, among people <35 years old, genetic heart diseases predominate, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy being the most common, accounting for at least one-third of the mortality in autopsy-based athlete study populations (5–7). Congenital coronary anomalies (usually those of wrong sinus origin) are second in frequency, occurring in ≈15% to 20% of cases. Other less common diseases, each responsible for ≈5% or fewer of these sudden deaths, include myocarditis, aortic valve stenosis, aortic dissection/rupture (including cases of the Marfan phenotype), atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, ion channelopathies, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. In addition, commotio cordis (i.e., sudden death caused by blunt, nonpenetrating chest blows, associated with structurally normal hearts) is more common as a cause of sudden death in young athletes than many of the aforementioned structural cardiovascular diseases (10).
Regional variations in the causes of sudden death may exist (6–9). Notable among these, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy has been reported as the most common cause of sudden death in young athletes based on reports from the Veneto region of Italy (8), whereas this disease is a much less frequent cause of sudden death in U.S. athletes (6). In most athletes, sudden death occurs in the setting of ventricular fibrillation, with the notable exception of aortic dilation that leads to dissection and rupture. For older athletes (>35 years of age), atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the predominant cause of sudden death (7), but this occurs less frequently in younger participants.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Volume 66, Issue 21, December 2015
Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Preamble, Principles, and General Considerations
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology
Barry J. Maron, Douglas P. Zipes and Richard J. Kovacs
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Наиболее частые кардиологические причины смерти спортсменов.
Мужчины погибают чаще женщин (9 к 1).
На первом месте гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия, 1/3 всех случаев. Коронарные аномалии на 2 месте (15%-20%). Далее: миокардиты, аортальный стеноз, диссекция аорты, ИБС, каналопатии (от себя: включая проблемы с QT), аритмогенная дисплазия правого желудочка.
Наиболее часто смерть начинается с фибрилляции желудочков.