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Abnormalities in muscle metabolism are noted even when deficiency is mild (309). Blood lactate levels were measured in mildly iron-deficient female athletes after standardized exercise tests. Peak lactate levels fell significantly after 2 weeks of iron treatment. This observation led to the suggestion that iron deficiency forces the muscles to depend to a greater extent on anaerobic metabolism than occurs in normal subjects.
Animal studies confirm that muscle function is disturbed in iron deficiency. The spontaneous activity level of iron-deficient rats decreased (311), and short-term exercise tolerance in treadmill running tests was reduced (181,182,312,313), even at mild degrees of deficiency (314). These abnormalities could not be explained by anemia alone, because they persisted after anemia was corrected by exchange transfusion (181,182). All were corrected promptly when iron was administered.
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