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Опубликованный 23.06.14 проект (доступный для комментария) Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement ([Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]):

Assessment of Risk

Although there is not enough evidence to support screening for vitamin D deficiency, there is some evidence on what factors may increase an individual's risk for vitamin D deficiency. Persons with low vitamin D intake, decreased vitamin D absorption, and little or no sun exposure (such as due to the winter season, high latitude, and physical sun avoidance) may be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (1). Obesity and darker skin pigmentation may also be associated with low levels of total serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, but it is unclear whether these factors reflect vitamin D deficiency and increase risk for adverse clinical outcomes. Obesity may allow for greater sequestration of vitamin D into adipose tissue, however, this vitamin D may still be bioavailable (1). Increased skin pigmentation reduces the skin's ability to produce vitamin D in response to UVB exposure. Prevalence rates of low total serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D are 2 to 9 times higher in African Americans and 2 to 3 times higher in Hispanics compared with whites (1), yet risk for fracture in African Americans is half of that in whites (7). Although other factors such as body composition and calcium economy have been proposed to explain this paradox (8), a recent study suggests that although total serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in African Americans may be low, the concentration of bioavailable 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels may not be low (1, 9). Some evidence suggests that older age and female sex may also be associated with increased risk for vitamin D deficiency, however, these findings are inconsistent (1).