#31
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Äîáàâëþ íåñêîëüêî ïå÷àòíûõ ñëîâ:
Klin Oczna. 2010;112(10-12):293-5. Reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television, and myopia. Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to investigate on a large population if reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television might be associated with the occurrence of myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 5865 schoolchildren were examined (2792 boys and 3073 girls, at the age 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, S.D. 3.3). The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia induced with 1% tropicamide. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of at least -0.50 dioptres. Mean refractive error was -1.2, SD 1.3. (The students and their parents completed a questionnaire on the child's visual work. Data analysis was performed using independence chi-squared Pearson test; p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: It was observed that myopia occurs more often in students who read and write >2 hours/day (p<0.001), and also work >0.8 hours/day on a computer (p<0.01). Furthermore, no increase in the prevalence of myopia in subjects who spend >2 hours/day watching television was found (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results indicate that reading, writing, working on a computer might be associated with the occurrence of myopia among schoolchildren. Watching television is not related to the occurrence of myopia. --- J Am Optom Assoc. 1996 Sep;67(9):521-30. Is computer use a risk factor for myopia? Mutti DO, Zadnik K. School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley 94270-2020, USA. Abstract BACKGROUND: Many patients who become myopic or who undergo increases in myopia as adults have concerns about whether the use of video display terminals (VDTs) contributes to these changes in refractive error. This paper is an overview of the current literature on topics concerning VDTs and factors related to proposed etiologies for myopia. METHODS: Selected literature is reviewed on the relationship between VDTs and asthenopia, fatigue, accommodation, and vergence. Clinical studies of myopic progression and transient myopia among VDT users are considered, as is television viewing as a risk factor for juvenile myopia. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Reports of asthenopia are common with VDT use by a factor of 1.4 to 1.5, compared to conventional office work. Questions of comparability remain between VDT users and nonusers with respect to confounding variables such as the number of work hours. Proofreading on a VDT appears to be less efficient than using printed copy. Despite screen flicker and reflections, the accommodative response appears to be accurate to a VDT. Transient, fatigue-induced changes in accommodation and vergence may occur after work with VDTs. Despite these near point changes, there is no compelling evidence in the literature that suggests there is a significant increase in the risk of myopia onset or progression from the use of VDTs by adults compared to other forms of near work.
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
#32
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åùå îäíà ðàáîòà èç Ñèíãàïóðà â ïîëíîé âåðñèè:
Nearwork in Early-Onset Myopia [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] îò ýòèõ æå àâòîðîâ íåäàâíèé îáçîð: Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012 Jan;32(1):3-16. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. BACKGROUND: Myopia, the most common type of refractive error, is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. However, the exact aetiology of myopia is still unclear. PURPOSE: To summarize the worldwide patterns and trends for the prevalence of myopia and to evaluate the risk factors for myopia in population-based studies. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalences of myopia vary across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In population-based studies on children, the prevalence of myopia has been reported to be higher in urban areas and Chinese ethnicity. The regional and racial difference is not so obvious in adult populations aged over 40 years. More time spent on near work, less time outdoors, higher educational level and parental history of myopia have been reported to increase the risk of myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors play a crucial role in myopia development. The effect of gene-environment interaction on the aetiology of myopia is still controversial with inconsistent findings in different studies. A relatively hyperopic periphery can stimulate compensating eye growth in the centre. Longitudinal cohort studies or randomized clinical trials of community-based health behaviour interventions should be conducted to further clarify the aetiology of myopia.
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
#34
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Âîò, êñòàòè, íàøëà ýòó òåìó, ãäå óâàæàåìûé Âàäèì Áîíäàðü óáåäèë ìåíÿ, ÷òî íå íóæíî âñå ìåðÿòü â ãðàììàõ
http://forums.rusmedserv.com/showthr...E2%E8%E7%EE%F0 |
#35
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Öèòàòà:
×òî Âû ñóçèëèñü íà îäíîé ìèîïèè? Êðîìå ãëàç ó ÷åëîâåêà ìíîãî îðãàíîâ! Õîòèòå, ÷òîáû âñå áûëè êðåñòüÿíàìè - âïåðåä (áåç ñìåõà!) ß - íå õî÷ó â Àôðèêó. Ïóñòü ÿ áóäó áëèçîðóê, íî ÿ õî÷ó áûòü óìíåå êðåñòüÿíèíà â Àôðèêå. È íè÷åãî èç-çà áëèçîðóêîñòè (îíà ó ìåíÿ åñòü) íèãäå íèêîìó ðâàòü íå áóäó! Ãîòîâ åùå çäîðîâüÿ îòäàòü, ëèøü áû ïîðåáðèê çèìîé âäîëü äîðîã íå óêëàäûâàòü. Öèòàòà:
À åùå íå âñå èñïðàâèëè ïðèêóñ è ôîðìó óõà è íîñà!!! Êîøìàð! Ïðîñòèòå, íî ìíîãî ïåíû ñ ïîãðàíè÷íûìè ñëîâàìè è ìàëî ðàâíîâåñèÿ. Ðàäèêàëèçì äî äîáðà íå äîâîäèë íèêîãî. Äëÿ Âàñ âñ¸ ìðà÷íî è ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî íóæíî âûãîíÿòü â ïîëå ïàõàòü çà ñîìàòè÷åñêèì çäîðîâüåì. À ÿ ðàä, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî óìíååò, õîòü çà ýòî è ïðèõîäèòñÿ ÷åì-òî ïëàòèòü. Äà è ïîíÿòèå çäîðîâüÿ øèðå òîëüêî ñîìàòè÷åñêîãî çäîðîâüÿ. Åñòü åùå ïñèõè÷åñêîå, ñîöèàëüíîå è ò.ä.
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Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ ñ ïîæåëàíèÿìè êðåïêîãî çäîðîâüÿ |
#36
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Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
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Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ ñ ïîæåëàíèÿìè êðåïêîãî çäîðîâüÿ |
#37
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Îá åòîì æå è ïèøóò ïîëÿêè â âûøåóêàç. òåçèñàõ: ó äåòåé ÷òåíèå è ïèñüìî áîëåå 2 ÷ â äåíü èëè îáøåíèå ñ êîìïîì áîëåå 3/4 ÷ àññîöèèðóþòñÿ ñ ðèñêîì ìèîïèè, íî íå ïðîñìîòð òåëèêà áîëåå 2 ÷.
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
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#38
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Êîëëåãè, âû ñêàòûâàåòåñü â äåìàãîãè÷åñêóþ ÿìó. Ïðè ÷¸ì çäåñü ñòàëèíèçì, àðìèÿ è àôðèêà?
Êàê ïîñòóïàòü ñ äåòüìè - äåëî êîíå÷íî âàøå. Íî åñòü òåçèñû, ñ êîòîðûìè ñïîðèòü ìîæåòå äî ïîñèíåíèÿ - ïðîñïîðèòå. Åñòü ðèñêè. Ðèñêè ïî ìèîïèè îáúåêòèâíî âûøå ó äåòåé ãàäæåòíóòûõ è òåëåíóòûõ. Ìèîïèÿ - áîëåçíü. Âëåêóùàÿ çà ñîáîé îáúåêòèâíûå ðèñêè ïî áîëåå ñåðü¸çíûì áîëåçíÿì. ×åì ðàíüøå íà÷àëàñü áîëåçíü, òåì õóæå ïðîãíîçû. Âêëèíèâàíèå ñ íàãðóçêîé âáëèçè äî îêîí÷àíèÿ ýììåòðîïèçàöèè - ÍÅ ÅÑÒÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ïðîöåññ (!!!). Ýòî âêëèíèâàíèå (âìåøàòåëüñòâî!). Âñ¸ îñòàëüíîå, âêëþ÷àÿ óïîìèíàíèå çà÷åì-òî èíòåëëåêòà ìèîïîâ (ðàññêàæèòå ýòî óêëàä÷èêàì øïàë ñ èíòåëëèãåíòíûìè "ìèíóñ òðè") - ëèøíåå. Öèòàòà:
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#39
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Ïðîñòî Âû íèêàê íå ìîæåòå âçãëÿíóòü íà ôàêòû è ñóòü âîïðîñà áåñïðèñòðàñòíî. Ïðåäëàãàåìûå Âàìè îãðàíè÷åíèÿ íå èìåþò îñíîâàíèé.
Öèòàòà:
Äàëåå. Õîòÿ "íàãðóçêà âáëèçè" - ðèñê ìèîïèè, åå íåâîçìîæíî èñêëþ÷èòü ïîëíîñòüþ, à "ñêîëüêî âåøàòü â ãðàììàõ" áóäåò ðåøàòü êîíêðåòíûé ðîäèòåëü èñõîäÿ èç ìíîæåñòâà ôàêòîðîâ, íå òîëüêî èç ðèñêà ðàçâèòèÿ ìèîïèè. È ðèñê ìèîïèè, êàê íè êîùóíñòâåííî äëÿ Âàñ ýòî ïðîçâó÷èò, ìîæåò îêàçàòüñÿ íå ãëàâíûì. Öèòàòà:
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñëîâ "ìèîï", "ãàäæåíóòûé", "òåëåíóòûé" ãîâîðèò î íåäîñòàòêå àðãóìåíòîâ. Ñîáñòâåííî, âñå ýòî óæå áûëî ñêàçàíî.
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Èëþõèí Åâãåíèé Àðêàäüåâè÷ |
#40
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Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Öèòàòà:
Ìîÿ ëîãèêà ñ ëèøåíèåì ðåá¸íêà ðàçâèòèÿ íå ñâÿçàíà íèêàê. ß íå ãîâîðþ î òîòàëüíûõ çàïðåòàõ. |
#41
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Öèòàòà:
1.  Òàéâàíå êâàðòèðû åùå ìåíüøå , à â Ïîëüøå òàêèå æå... 2. Òîòàëüíûå çàïðåòû íà÷èíàþòñÿ ñ ìàëåíüêèõ. Çàïðåòû - ýòî íå ìåäèöèíà, à îáùåñòâî, ñåìüÿ è ò.ä. Ïîýòîìó: Àôðèêà, Ãèòëåð/ñòàëèí, Àðìèÿ... 3. Âû ïðî÷èòàëè î÷åðê ïðî "öàðÿ â ãîëîâå"? À âîò îò ýòîãî: Öèòàòà:
ÿ ïðîñòî â øîêå...
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Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ ñ ïîæåëàíèÿìè êðåïêîãî çäîðîâüÿ |
#42
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Òàê êàê âñ¸ ðàâíî óæå ñìåøàëè êîíåé ñ ëþäßìè - äàâàéòå ïîãîâîðèì Áåçâðåäíîñòü Ò íå îòìåíÿåò âðåäíîñòü âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ïðèáîðîâ. Èç ñîîáùåíèÿ 38 óáèðàþ "òåëåíóòûõ", ïîä âñåì îñòàëüíûì âñ¸ åù¸ ïîäïèñûâàþñü.
Òàê ñëó÷èëîñü, ÷òî ýòà òåìà íåîæèäàííî îêàçàëàñü íåñêîëüêî øèðå, ÷åì å¸ íàçâàíèå. Çàäåëî îòíîøåíèå Àëåêñàíäðà Èâàíîâè÷à ê ìèîïèè, êàê ê íåïðàâèëüíîìó ïðèêóñó, ê íåïðàâèëüíîé ôîðìå óõà è íîñà. Ê ÷åìó ýòî áûëî? Åñëè, ê ïðèìåðó, óâàæàåìûé Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷, Âàñ ïðèâëåêàåò òåìà èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîñòè ìèîïîâ è ìåíüøåé èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîñòè ýììåòðîïîâ - äàâàéòå ïîãîâîðèì îá ýòîì? Î ÷¸ì èìåííî âû õîòåëè ñêàçàòü? Çàäåëî îòíîøåíèå ê òåëåâèçîðàì, êàê ê äîëæíîìó, à îãðàíè÷åíèå òåëåâèçîðîâ êàê âìåøàòåëüñòâî. Öèòàòà:
Êîëëåãè, ïîñìåþ çàìåòèòü: âû êèíóëèñü çàùèùàòü Ò íå îáëàäàÿ àðãóìåíòàìè, íå òàê ëè? Áûëî ëè ýòî ýòè÷íåå ìîèõ îáâèíåíèé ÒÂ? È ê óâàæàåìîìó Åâãåíèþ Àðêàäüåâè÷ó: ìîæíî ïîãîâîðèòü è ïðî íåâðîòèçàöèþ îò ïëàíøåòîâ/êîìïüþòåðîâ è áåç ïëàíøåòîâ/êîìïüþòåðîâ... Äàâàéòå ïîãîâîðèì îá ýòîì? ßâëÿþòñÿ ëè ïëàíøåòû è êîìïüþòåðû áåçîïàñíûìè â ïëàíå âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ íåâðîçîâ? |
#43
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Öèòàòà:
ÊÓÐÅÍÈÅ. Îäíîçíà÷íî òîëüêî âðåäíî - íóæíû äîêàçàòåëüñòâà? Ôàêòû. Ñèãàðåòû ïðîäîëæàþò ìàññîâî ïðîèçâîäèòü. Ëþäè ïðîäîëæàþò êóðèòü. Ïðè÷åì, óâåðåí, ìíîãèå èç äèñêóòèðóþùèõ çäåñü î âðåäå/ïîëüçå òåëåâèçîðà äëÿ çðåíèÿ òîæå êóðÿò. Ìíîãèå êóðÿò äîìà, ìíîãèå èìåþò ïðè ýòîì ìàëåíüêèõ äåòåé è ìíîãèå íå îáëàäàþò ìîùíûìè âûòÿæêàìè. Íî êóðÿò!!! È íèêòî èì ÍÅ ÇÀÏÐÅÙÀÅÒ! Öèòàòà:
Ïðîñòèòå, íî ðàñòåò íåïðèÿçíü ê Âàì, ïîýòîìó, ÷òîáû íå íàëîìàòü äðîâ è íå ñêàòèòüñÿ äî Öèòàòà:
Áûëî ïîçíàâàòåëüíî è óäèâèòåëüíî. P.S. Âðà÷ - ýòî íå Áîã, íå Òèðàí è íå Àíãåë, à ïðîñòî âðà÷...
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Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ ñ ïîæåëàíèÿìè êðåïêîãî çäîðîâüÿ |
#44
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Öèòàòà:
2. Òàêèõ ïðèìåðîâ íà Ðîäèíå ñîòíè: Êîêà-Êîëà, Àâòîìîáèëè, Ñîòîâûå òåëåôîíû è ìèêðîâîëíîâêè êàê èñòî÷íèê èîíèçàöèè è ò.ä. Åñëè äîêàçàëè âðåä, òî ïðîèíôîðìèðóéòå, à íå çàïðåùàéòå. Õîòÿ ÿ óæå ïèñàë ýòî íå ðàç òóò. 3. Èç äèñêóññèè ñåðüåçíî óõîæó. Ïîæàëóéñòà, íå àïåëëèðóéòå êî ìíå, íå ïðîâîöèðóéòå. ß ñîðâóñü è ìåíÿ çàáàíÿò, à ÿ ýòîãî íå õî÷ó (íè ïåðâîãî, íè âòîðîãî)... 4. "Ñèììåòðè÷íûé" è "àñèììåòðè÷íûé". Ãäå-òî ÿ ýòî ñëûøàë... Îò êàêèõ-òî òîòàëèòàðíûõ íåñâåðãàåìûõ öàðåé...
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Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷ ñ ïîæåëàíèÿìè êðåïêîãî çäîðîâüÿ |
#45
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Öèòàòà:
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