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Íåñêîëüêî ñîêðàùåííûé,ïåðåðàáîòàííûé è àäàïòèðîâàííûé ðóññêèé ïåðåâîä ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé ñòàòüè Ken B. Waites Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens 2005
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Äóìàþ,÷òî áóäåò âåñüìà ïîëåçíà ãèíåêîëîãàì,óðîëîãàì,âåíåðîëîãàì,ïåäèàòðàì,íåîíàòî ëîãàì è âñåì,êòî èíòåðåñóåòñÿ ýòîé ïðîáëåìîé PS.Ñòðàíèöà èç íîâîé âåðñèè ìîåãî ñàéòà,êîòîðûé ìîäåðíèçèðóåòñÿ,ïîýòîìó íåêîòîðûå íàâèãàöèîííûå ññûëêè åùå íå ðàáîòàþò. |
#47
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Êèòàéñêèå èññëåäîâàòåëè Liang XD, Gu TT, Wang JL ñ÷èòàþò,÷òî èíôèöèðîâàíèå Ureaplasma urealiticum èìååò îòíîøåíèå ê óâåëè÷åíèþ ñëó÷àåâ âíåìàòî÷íîé áåðåìåííîñòè è èìååòñÿ ñâÿçü ìåæäó èíôèöèðîâàíèåì Ureaplasma urealiticum è ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèìè, ôóíêöèîíàëüíûìè èçìåíåíèÿìè ýïèòåëèÿ ôàëëîïèåâûõ òðóá.
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Jun Èíäèéñêèå âðà÷è ïðîâåëè êîìïëåêñíîå êëèíèêî-áàêòåðèîëîãè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå ãðóïïû ìóæ÷èí ñ íåãîíîêîêêîâûìè óðåòðèòàìè è ïðèøëè ê âûâîäó,÷òî ýòèîëîãè÷åñêèìè ôàêòîðàìè ÿâëÿëèñü óðåàïëàçìû (11%) è ìèêîïëàçìû (11%). [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] |
#48
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Êèòàéñêèå èññëåäîâàòåëè Lin HP, Lu HX. èçó÷èëè îáðàçöû ñåêðåòà ïðåäñòàòåëüíîé æåëåçû 1 186 áåñïëîäíûõ ìóæ÷èí ñ õðîíè÷åñêèì ïðîñòàòèòîì. 51,7% ñëó÷àåâ áûëè âûÿâëåíû óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííûå è ïàòîãåííûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû,èç íèõ ó 116 - Ureaplasma urealyticum è ó 41 Mycoplasma hominis.Èçó÷åíà ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ê àíòèáèîòèêàì.Ureaplasma urealyticum â 59.5% ñëó÷àåâ ðåçèñòåíòíà ê öèïðîôëîêñàöèíó,íàèáîëüøàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü îïðåäåëåíà ê äæîçàìèöèíó,òåòðàöèêëèíó è ôîñôîìèöèíó.Mycoplasma hominis â 100% ñëó÷àåâ áûëà ðåçèñòåíòíà ê ýðèòðîìèöèíó,à íàèâûñøàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü áûëà îïðåäåëåíà ê äîêñèöèêëèíó è ôîñôîìèöèíó.
Àâòîðû ñ÷èòàþò ìèêîïëàçìû âîçìîæíûìè ýòèîëîãè÷åñêèìè ôàêòîðàìè ìóæñêîãî áåñïëîäèÿ. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2007 Jul; |
#49
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BMC Infectious Diseases îïóáëèêîâàë èññëåäîâàíèå òóíèññêèõ âðà÷åé Radhouane Gdoura,Wiem Kchaou,Chiraz Chaari [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] â êîòîðîì åùå ðàç ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì íà êà÷åñòâî ñïåðìû ìóæ÷èí.
BMC Infectious Diseases ,8 November 2007 Hecht J, Onderdonk A è äð. ñ÷èòàþò,÷òî ðÿä ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ,âêëþ÷àÿ Mycoplasma sp.,Ureaplasma urealyticum ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé õîðèîàìíèîíèòîâ âî âòîðîì òðèìåñòðå áåðåìåííîñòè. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2007 Sep 17  öåëîì ìîæíî äåëàòü âûâîäû î ñìåùåíèè ìíåíèÿ î ïàòîãåííîñòè ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì â ñòîðîíó íàðóøåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè ÷åëîâåêà:íåâûíàøèâàíèå áåðåìåííîñòè ó èíôèöèðîâàííûõ æåíùèí,èíôèöèðîâàíèå íîâîðîæäåííûõ è ðàçâèòèå ó íèõ áðîíõîëåãî÷íûõ çàáîëåâàíèé è ñíèæåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà ñïåðìû ó èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìóæ÷èí. |
#50
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Ñåðãåé Àíàòîëüåâè÷! Áûñòðî ïîñìîòðåë ïåðâóþ [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]
Ïîêàçàëîñü, ÷òî íåò êðèòåðèé âêëþ÷åíèÿ, ñîïóòñòâóþùèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ. Èëè íåâíèìàòåëåí áûë? |
#51
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Äà,ïðîñòî ñðàâíèâàëèñü îáðàçöû ñïåðìû èíôåðòèëüíûõ ìóæ÷èí ñ íàëè÷èåì ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì è ïðè èõ îòñóòñòâèè.
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#52
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ßïîíñêèå èññëåäîâàòåëè Yokoi S, Maeda S, Kubota Y, Tamaki M è äð. äîñòîâåðíî óñòàíîâèëè ïðè÷èííóþ ðîëü ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì (Mycoplasma genitalium,Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar 2) â ðàçâèòèè ïîñòãîíîðåéíûõ óðåòðèòîâ ó ìóæ÷èí.Öåëåñîîáðàçíî èñïîëüçîâàòü àíòèáèîòèêè,âëèÿþùèå íà ýòè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû ïðè ëå÷åíèè ãîíîðåéíîãî óðåòðèòà ó ìóæ÷èí
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct |
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#53
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Öèòàòà:
Äèàãíîçà ìèêîïëàçìåííîãî âàãèíèòà êàê ó âçðîñëûõ æåíùèí,òàê è ó ïðåïóáåðòàëüíûõ äåâî÷åê íå ñóùåñòâóåò. Êîíå÷íî îïèñàíà âëàãàëèùíàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ ãåíèòàëüíûìè ìèêîïëàçìàìè äåâî÷åê,íàïðèìåð çäåñü [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] áîëåå ñòàðøåãî âîçðàñòà [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]  îñíîâíîì ïðè÷èíàìè âëàãàëèùíîé êîëîíèçàöèè ìèêîïëàçìàìè äåâî÷åê ñ÷èòàåòñÿ ïåðåäà÷à îò ìàòåðè âî âðåìÿ ðîäîâ è ñåêñóàëüíîå íàñèëèå [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Îäíàêî íè â îäíîé èç ñåðüåçíûõ ðàáîò,ïîñâÿùåííûõ âóëüâîâàãèíèòàì äåâî÷åê ãåíèòàëüíûå ìèêîïëàçìû íå óêàçàíû êàê ýòèîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð è ðîëü èõ â âîçíèêíîâåíèè âàãèíèòîâ êàê ó âçðîñëûõ æåíùèí,òàê è äåòåé íåäîêàçàíà. ñëó÷àå âàãèíèòà ó äåâî÷åê íàäî èñêàòü äðóãèå ïðè÷èíû,êàêèå - ÷èòàéòå ýòè ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] PS.Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ òàì áåñïëàòíàÿ. |
#54
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Þæíîêîðåéñêèå âðà÷è Chung HY, Chung JW, Chun SH, Sung HS, Kim MN, Kim KS. ñîîáùàþò î ñëó÷àå ìåíèíãèòà,âûçûâàííîãî ðåçèñòåíòíûì ê ýðèòðîìèöèíó øòàììîì Ureaplasma urealyticum ó íåäîíîøåííîé äåâî÷êè ñ ëåòàëüíûì èñõîäîì
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Korean J Lab Med. 2007 Feb |
#55
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Ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì è óðåàïëàçì (îáçîð ëèòåðàòóðû)
Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì
Âåðòèêàëüíûé ïóòü - ïåðåäà÷à îò èíôèöèðîâàííîé ìàòåðè ìèêîïëàçì ïëîäó èëè íîâîðîæäåííîìó - äîêàçàííûé è ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ ïóòü èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ ìèêîïëàçìàìè.Òàê Iwasaka T,Wada T,Kidera Y (1986) âûÿâèëè Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 41%,à Mycoplasma hominis ó 4,4% â âàãèíàëüíîì ñîäåðæèìîì íîâðîæäåííûõ äåâî÷åê,ðîäèâøèõñÿ îò èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìàòåðåé.A. Rempen, J. Martius (1987) ñîîáùàþò îá èçîëÿöèè óðåàïëàçì ó 11 ìëàäåíöåâ èç 30,ðîäèâøèõñÿ îò èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìàòåðåé. Kanamoto Y, Nakano H, Sumii T, Matsuo Y, (1987) îáíàðóæèëè â ìî÷å øåñòèäíåâíûõ ìëàäåíöåâ Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 17.9%,à Mycoplasma hominis ó 1,2%,îòìå÷àÿ, ÷òî ïðîöåíò èçîëÿíòîâ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè áûë âûøå ó äåâî÷åê,÷åì ó ìàëü÷èêîâ. Sanchez PJ, Regan JA. (1990) ñîîáùàþò î âûÿâëåíèè Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 58% ïðåæäåâðåìåííî ðîäèâøèõñÿ ìëàäåíöåâ îáîåãî ïîëà â ïåðèîä îò 1 äî 30 äíåé æèçíè,ðîäèâøèõñÿ îò èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìàòåðåé. 8% ñëó÷àåâ Ureaplasma urealyticum áûëà èçîëèðîâàíà èç êîíúþíêòèâàëüíîãî îòäåëÿåìîãî,â 37% èç ðîòîãëîòêè,â 54% èç âëàãàëèùà,â 18% èç ïðÿìîé êèøêè.Sanchez PJ. (1993) ñîîáùàåò î ÷àñòîòå èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ Ureaplasma urealyticum îò 18% äî 55 % ó ðîäèâøèõñÿ â ñðîê ìëàäåíöåâ è îò 29% äî 55 % ó íåäîíîøåííûõ.Grattard F, Soleihac B.(1995) èçîëèðîâàëè èç æåëóäî÷íîãî ñîäåðæèìîãî Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 19.2% íîâîðîæäåííûõ,à M. hominis ó 1%.Alfa MJ, Embree JE(1995) ñîîáùàþò î âûäåëåíèè Ureaplasma urealyticum èç ðåñïèðàòîðíîãî òðàêòà ó 19% íåäîíîøåííûõ ìëàäåíöåâ è ó 5.8% äîíîøåííûõ.Chua KB, Ngeow YF (1999) èçîëèðîâàëè èç íàçîôàðèíãåàëüíîãî îòäåëÿåìîãî Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 50.8% è M. hominis ó 6.6% .Îáùàÿ ÷àñòîòà ïåðåäà÷è îò ìàòåðè íîâîðîæäåííîìó ñîñòàâëÿëà 88,4% äëÿ Ureaplasma urealyticum è 42.1% äëÿ M. hominis.Òå æå àâòîðû (2000) óòî÷íÿþò ÷àñòîòó ïåðåäà÷è äëÿ Ureaplasma urealyticum 88,2% è 30% äëÿ M. hominis.Kafetzis DA, Skevaki CL (2004) ñîîáùàþò î ÷àñòîòå ïåðåäà÷è Ureaplasma urealyticum 17 % ïðè ðîäàõ â íîìàëüíûå ñðîêè è 33% ïðè ïðåæäåâðåìåííûõ ðîäàõ.Óðåàïëàçìû èçîëèðîâàëèñü èç ðèíîôàðèíãåàëüíîãî îòäåëÿåìîãî è ìîêðîòû íîâîðîæäåííûõ.Îòìå÷åíà ñâÿçü ìåæäó âåñîì ïëîäà è ÷àñòîòîé êîëîíèçàöèè ðåñïèðàòîðíîãî òðàêòà (60% ïðè âåñå ìåíåå 1000 ã,50% ïðè âåñå 1000-1500 ã è 15,3 % ïðè âåñå ñâûøå 1500 ã. ×àñòîòà êîëîíèçàöèè ìèêîïëàçìàìè è óðåàïëàçìàìè â ïîñòíàòàëüíîì ïåðèîäå McCormack WM. 1986 ã ñîîáùàåò,÷òî íåîíàòàëüíàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ Ureaplasma urealyticum ïðè ðîæäåíèè ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 30%,ó áîëåå ñòàðøèõ äåòåé ÷àñòîòà ñíèæàåòñÿ äî ìåíåå ÷åì 10%.Fullana Montoro A, Brines Solanes J (1992) èçîëèðîâàëè â òå÷åíèè ïåðâûõ 4 äíåé æèçíè Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 10,5%,à Mycoplasma hominis â 0,5 % íîâîðîæäåííûõ.Àâòîðû óêàçûâàþò,÷òî åñëè èíôèöèðîâàíèå íå ñâÿçàíî ñ çàáîëåâàíÿìè,âûçûâàííûìè óðåàïëàçìàìè è ìèêîïëàçìàìè,íåîíàòàëüíàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ óðåàïëàçìàìè èñ÷åçàåò â òå÷åíèè ïåðâûõ òðåõ ìåñÿöåâ æèçíè.Robinson AJ, Watkeys JE, Ridgway GL. (1998) âûÿâèëè ìèêîïëàçìû ó 21% äåâî÷åê,ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ñåêñóàëüíîãî íàñèëèþ,íî òåì íå ìåíåå â âîçðàñòå äî 3 ëåò ìèêîïëàçìû íå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû,â âîçðàñòå îò 3 äî 10 ëåò îáíàðóæåíû â 6%,à â âîçðàñòå ñâûøå 10 ëåò - âûÿâëåíû â 15 % îáðàçöîâ âçÿòûõ ñ âëàãàëèùà,ðîòîãëîòêè è ïðÿìîé êèøêè.Ïîñëå ðîæäåíèÿ îò èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìàòåðåé óðåàïëàçìû è ìèêîïëàçìû ó ìàëü÷èêîâ (åñëè íå ñâÿçàíû ñ âîçíèêøèìè çàáîëåâàíèÿìè) èñ÷åçàþò èç âñåõ àíàòîìè÷åñêèõ îáëàñòåé â òå÷åíèè îò îäíîãî äî òðåõ ìåñÿöåâ (Fullana Montoro A, è äð.1992,Taylor-Robinson D.1986) Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ ïåðåäà÷à äðóãèõ ìèêîïëàçì Blanchard A, Hamrick W, (1993) èçó÷èëè ÷àñòîòó âûÿâëåíèÿ Mycoplasma genitalium è Mycoplasma fermentans â óðåòðå è öåðâèêñå ñåêñóàëüíî-àêòèâíûõ âçðîñëûõ è ÷àñòîòó èõ âûÿâëåíèÿâ àìíèîòè÷åñêîé æèäêîñòè,ñîáðàííîé âî âðåìÿ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé è êåñàðåâà ñå÷åíèÿ.Mycoplasma genitalium îáíàðóæèâàëàñü â 11% óðåòðàëüíûõ è öåðâèêàëüíûõ îáðàçöàõ è íå îáíàðóæèâàëàñü íè â îäíîì èç îáðàçöå èç àìíèîòè÷åñêîé æèäêîñòè.Mycoplasma fermentans íå îáíàðóæèâàëàñü íè â îäíîì èç óðåòðàëüíî-öåðâèêàëüíûõ ïðîá,íî áûëà âûÿâëåíà â 4 èç 232 îáðàçöîâ àìíèîòè÷åñêîé æèäêîñòè. * Genital mycoplasma colonization in neonatal girls. (Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986) * Ureaplasma urealyticum: ecologic niche and epidemiologic considerations. (Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986) * Colonization with genital mycoplasmas in pregnant women and their neonates and birth weight.(Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg 1987) * Transmission rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, B-Streptococci, Candida spp. and Chlamydia trachomatis from the mother to the newborn (Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1987) * Vertical transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum from mothers to preterm infants. (Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990) * Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis: incidence and clinical significance of their isolation in the perinatal period (An Esp Pediatr. 1992) * Perinatal transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum: current concepts based on review of the literature. (Clin Infect Dis. 1993) * Use of the polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma genitalium in the urogenital tract and amniotic fluid. (Clin Infect Dis.1993 ) * Epidemiologic and molecular investigations of genital mycoplasmas from women and neonates at delivery. (Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995) * Transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum from mothers to full and preterm infants. (Pediatr Infect Dis J.1995) * Sexually transmitted organisms in sexually abused children.(Arch Dis Child.1998) * Colonization and transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis from mothers to full and preterm babies by normal vaginal delivery. (Med J Malaysia. 1999) * Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis Isolation from Cervical Secretions of Pregnant Women and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of their Babies at Delivery (Singapore Medical Journal 2000) * Maternal genital colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum promotes preterm delivery: association of the respiratory colonization of premature infants with chronic lung disease and increased mortality. (Clin Infect Dis. 2004) © Àãàïîâ Ñ.À. 2008 |
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Ñåêñóàëüíàÿ ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì.
Ñåêñóàëüíàÿ ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì,ê êîòîðûì îòíîñÿò Ureaplasma spp.,Mycoplasma genitalium è Mycoplasma hominis , â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íå ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ ñîìíåíèþ.Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîäòâåðæäàþò,÷òî ÷àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ ìèêîïëàçì ó ñåêñóàëüíî-àêòèâíîé ïîïóëÿöèè çíà÷èòåëüíî âûøå,÷åì ó íåñåêñóàëüíî-àêòèâíîé. Âûÿâëåíèå ó ìóæ÷èí Ïîñëå ðîæäåíèÿ îò èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ìàòåðåé óðåàïëàçìû è ìèêîïëàçìû ó ìàëü÷èêîâ (åñëè íå ñâÿçàíû ñ âîçíèêøèìè çàáîëåâàíèÿìè) èñ÷åçàþò èç âñåõ àíàòîìè÷åñêèõ îáëàñòåé â òå÷åíèè îò îäíîãî äî òðåõ ìåñÿöåâ (Fullana Montoro A, è äð. 1992, Taylor-Robinson D.1986). Robinson AJ (1998) íå íàøëè ìèêîïëàçì è óðåàïëàçì â óðåòðå íè ó îäíîãî èç 30 ìàëü÷èêîâ,ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ñåêñóàëüíîìó íàñèëèþ.Ñ íàñòóïëåíèåì ñåêñóàëüíîé àêòèâíîñòè ÷àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ ìèêîïëàçì ó ìóæ÷èí íà÷èíàåò óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ. Takahashi S, Takeyama K (2006) îáíàðóæèëè M. genitalium â 1%, M. hominis â 4%, U. urealyticum â 12% è U. parvum â 23% â ìî÷å áåññèìïòîìíûõ ñåêñóàëüíî àêòèâíûõ ÿïîíñêèõ ïîäðîñòêîâ.Taylor-Robinson D.(1986) ñîîáùàåò,÷òî ÷àñòîòà êîëîíèçàöèè óðåàïëàçìàìè ìîëîäûõ ìóæ÷èí ,èìåþùèõ áîëåå 3 ïîëîâûõ ïàðòíåðîâ â ãîä è áîëåå,äîñòèãàåò 45%.Ñðåäè ìóæ÷èí áîëåå çðåëîãî âîçðàñòà ÷àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ óðåàïëàçì ó áåññèìïòîìíûõ ìóæ÷èí ñîñòàâëÿåò 34% ïðîòèâ 56% ìóæ÷èí ñ íåãîíîêîêêîâûìè óðåòðèòàìè. Âûÿâëåíèå ó æåíùèí Russo JF, Coppola K, Furness G. (1981) íå îáíàðóæèëè óðåàïëàçì íè ó îäíîé èç ñåêñóàëüíî íåàêòèâíûõ äåâóøåê,îäíàêî ó èõ ñåêñóàëüíî àêòèâíûõ ñâåðñòíèö ÷àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ Ureaplasma urealyticum ñîñòàâëÿëà 10%.×àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ Mycoplasma hominis ó ñåêñóàëüíî íåàêòèâíûõ äåâóøåê ñîñòàâëÿëà 9% ïðîòèâ 36% ó ñåêñóàëüíî-àêòèâíûõ.Richard C. Bump,Larry A. Sachs, William J. Buesching (1986 )îáíàðóæèëè çíà÷èìîå ðàçëè÷èå â âûÿâëåíèè óðåàïëàçì è ìèêîïëàçì ìåæäó ñåêñóàëüíî àêòèâíûìè æåíùèíàìè è äåâñòâåííèöàìè.Òàê èçîëÿöèÿ U urealyticum íàáëþäàëàñü ó 75% ñåêñóàëüíî àêòèâíûõ æåíùèí ïðîòèâ 33% ó äåâñòâåííèö,à M hominis â 27% ïðîòèâ 10%.Iwasaka T, Wada T (1986) îáíàðóæèâàëè óðåàïëàçìó ó 5% ïðåïóáåðòàëüíûõ äåâî÷åê,ó 24% æåíùèí äåòîðîäíîãî âîçðàñòà è â 25% ó æåíùèí â ïîñòìåíîïàóçå.Âûÿâëÿåìîñòü ó ñåêñóàëüíî-íåàêòèâíûõ æåíùèí äåòîðîäíîãî âîçðàñòà áûëà çíà÷èòåëüíî íèæå - 40% ïðîòèâ 67% ó ñåêñóàëüíî-àêòèâíûõ íåáåðåìåííûõ æåíùèí.Hammerschlag MR, Doraiswamy B (1987) âûÿâèëè â ðåêòàëüíûõ è âàãèíàëüíûõ îáðàçöàõ U. urealyticum â 19% è 30% ñëó÷àåâ ó äåâî÷åê,ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ñåêñóàëüíîìó íàñèëèþ ïðîòèâ 3% è 8% â êîíòðîëüíîé ãðóïïå.M. hominis áûëà èçîëèðîâàíà â ðåêòàëüíûõ è âàãèíàëüíûõ îáðàçöàõ ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ñåêñóàëüíîìó íàñèëèþ äåâî÷åê â 23% è 34% ïðîòèâ 8% è 17% ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â êîíòðîëüíîé ãðóïïå. Unzeitig V, Bucek R, Blaha O. (1990) ñîîáùàþò,÷òî ðèñê êîëîíèçàöèåé M. hominis ïðè íàëè÷èè íåêîëüêèõ ïîëîâûõ ïàðòíåðîâ âûøå áîëåå ÷åì â 4 ðàçà,à U. urealyticum â 7,7 ðàç ÷åì ó æåíùèí,èìåþùèõ îäíîãî ïîëîâîãî ïàðòíåðà.Wang N. (1992) âûÿâèëè U.urealyticum ó 28,5% íîâîðîæäåííûõ äåâî÷åê,ó äåâóøåê íå âåäóùèõ ïîëîâóþ æèçíü â 38,3%,ó çàìóæíèõ íåáåðåìåííûõ æåíùèí â 48,9%,ó æåíùèí ñ íåñêîëüêèìè ïîëîâûìè ïàðòíåðàìè â 71,7%.Elshibly S, Kallings I (1996) óñòàíîâèëè,÷òî ÷àñòîòà êîëîíèçàöèè âëàãàëèùà M. hominis çíà÷èòåëüíî âûøå ó æåíùèí,èìåþùèõ çà ñâîþ æèçíü áîëåå 10 ïîëîâûõ ïàðòíåðîâ,÷åì ó æåíùèí èìåþùèõ îäíîãî ïîëîâîãî ïàðòíåðà.×àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ ìèêîïëàçì áûëà âûøå ó æåíùèí ïðàêòèêóþùèõ ñëó÷àéíûé ñåêñ è ñåêñ-òóðèçì.Noviello S.(2004) âûÿâèë áîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ÷àñòîòó èçîëÿöèè U. urealyticum è M. hominis ó ïðîñòèòóòîê (51,3%),÷åì â ãðóïïå íåâûáðàííûõ ïàöèåíòîâ (33%).Ïðè íàëè÷èè åæåäíåâíûõ ïîëîâûõ ïàðòíåðîâ ìåíåå 5 ÷åëîâåê - ìèêîïëàçìû âûÿâëÿëèñü â 4%,áîëåå 5 - â 30% ñëó÷àåâ.Ïðè ïîñòîÿííîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè ïðåçåðâàòèâà èíôèöèðîâàíèå ìèêîïëàçìàìè ñîñòàâëÿëà 3,7%,ïðè íåïîñòîÿííîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè 16%.Pingmin W, Yuepu P, Jiwen Z (2005) ñîîáùàþò,÷òî ÷àñòîòà âûÿâëåíèÿ ó ïðîñòèòóòîê Ureaplasma urealyticum ñîñòàâëÿåò 77,8% ïðîòèâ 59,2% ó æåíùèí,èìåþùèõ îäíîãî ïîëîâîãî ïàðòíåðà,Mycoplasma hominis 34,7% ïðîòèâ 9,6%,Mycoplasma genitalium 21,4% ïðîòèâ 16,7%. * Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Corynebacterium genitalium recovered from the lower genital tracts of adolescent women. (Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1981) * Sexually Transmissible Infectious Agents in Sexually Active and Virginal Asymptomatic Adolescent Girls (PEDIATRICS 1986) * Hormonal status and mycoplasma colonization in the female genital tract. (Obstet Gynecol. 1986) * The male reservoir of Ureaplasma urealyticum. (Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986) * Colonization of sexually abused children with genital mycoplasmas. (Sex Transm Dis. 1987) * Epidemiology of vaginal mycoplasmas (Cesk Gynekol. 1990) * Epidemiological study on mycoplasmas colonization and infection in the female genital tract (Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 1992) * Sexual risk behaviour in women carriers of Mycoplasma hominis.(Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996) * Sexually transmitted organisms in sexually abused children. (Arch Dis Child. 1998) * Occurrence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among immigrant prostitutes and nonselected patients (14th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2004) * Prevalence survey on condom use and infection of urogenital mycoplasmas in female sex workers in China. (Contraception. 2005) * Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum DNAs in urine from asymptomatic healthy young Japanese men. (J Infect Chemother. 2006) © Àãàïîâ Ñ.À. 2008 |
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Ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì ïðè îðàëüíîì è àíàëüíîì ñåêñå.
Îðàëüíûé è àíàëüíûé ñåêñ êàê âàðèàíò ñåêñóàëüíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ Íàöèîíàëüíûé öåíòð ìåäèöèíñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè (National Center for Health Statistics,USA) ïðåäñòàâèë â 2002 ãîäó ïîäðîáíûé äîêëàä,îñíîâàííûé íà èçó÷åíèè ñåêñóàëüíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ 12 571 ìóæ÷èí è æåíùèí â âîçðàñòå îò 15 äî 44 ëåò. ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûÿâëåíî,÷òî îêîëî 12 % þíîøåé è 10% äåâóøåê â âîçðàñòå 15-19 ëåò ïðàêòèêîâàëè ãåòåðîñåêñóàëüíûé îðàëüíûé ñåêñ íå âñòóïàÿ â òðàäèöèîííîå âàãèíàëüíîå ñíîøåíèå.Ñðåäè ìóæ÷èí â âîçðàñòå 25-44 ãîäà 90% ïðàêòèêîâàëè îðàëüíûé ñåêñ ñ æåíùèíàìè,à 40% àíàëüíûé.Ñðåäè æåíùèí ïðîöåíò ïðàêòèêóþùèõ àíàëüíûé è îðàëüíûé ñåêñ áûë àíîëîãè÷íûì.3 % ìóæ÷èí â ïîñëåäíèå 12 ìåñÿöåâ ñâîåé æèçíè èìåëè àíàëüíûé è îðàëüíûé ñåêñ ñ äðóãèìè ìóæ÷èíàìè,à 4% æåíùèí âñòóïàëè â ñåêñóàëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ äðóãèìè æåíùèíàìè.Åñòåñòâåííî,ïðè òàêîé âûñîêîé ÷àñòîòå ïðèìåíåíèÿ îðàëüíîãî è àíàëüíîãî ñåêñà çàêîíîìåðíî âîçíèêàåò âîïðîñ î âîçìîæíîñòè ïåðåäà÷è ïðè íèõ ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì,êàê íàèáîëåå øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ñåêñóàëüíî-ñâÿçàííûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ. Ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì ïðè îðàëüíîì ñåêñå Sackel SG, Alpert S, Fiumara NJ, Donner A, Laughlin CA, McCormack WM. (1979) îáíàðóæèâàëè óðåàïëàçìû â îáðàçöàõ çàäíåé ñòåíêè ãëîòêè ó 14.8% èç 1,044 ïàöèåíòîâ êëèíèê Áîñòîíà,îáðàòèâøèõñÿ ïî ïîâîäó ôàðèíãèàëüíîé èíôåêöèè.Îäíàêî àâòîðû ñ÷èòàþò,÷òî íàõîæäåíèå óðåàïëàçì íå ñâÿçàíî ñ îáíàðóæèâàåìûìè ÿâëåíèÿìè ôàðèíãèòà,íî èíôèöèðîâàíèå âîçíèêàëî ïîñëå ïðåäøåñòâóþùèõ ôåëëÿöèé.Watanabe T, Matsuura M, Seto K.(1983 )âûÿâëÿëè óðåàïëàçìû â ñëþíå ó 3.5 % èç 342 ïàöèåíòîâ ñòîìàòîëîãè÷åñêèõ êëèíèê,îäíàêî ñâÿçè ñ çàáîëåâàíèÿìè ïîëîñòè ðòà è äåñåí âûÿâëåíî íå áûëî.Saito Y, Ishikawa O, Iritani A, Yonemoto R, Horikawa T. (1984) âûäåëèëè óðåàïëàçìû èç ñëþíû â 26 ñëó÷àÿõ èç 251 ó çäîðîâûõ ëþäåé.J B Baseman, S F Dallo (1988) ñîîáùàþò î âûäåëåíèè Ì.genitalium â îáðàçöàõ èç ðîòîãëîòêè,óêàçûâàÿ ,÷òî â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ îòìå÷àåòñÿ ìèêñò èíôåêöèÿ ñ M. pneumoniae,à M Goulet, R Dular (1995) ñîîáùàþò î âûÿâëåíèè M. pneumoniae ó 22 æåíùèí èç óðåòðû è öåðâèêàëüíîãî êàíàëà. E Holst (1990) âûÿâèëà M. hominis â 12 îáðàçöàõ èç ðîòîãëîòêè èç 374,âçÿòûõ îò âçðîñëûõ ìóæ÷èí è æåíùèí.Gil-Juarez C, Calderon BA (1996) ñîîáùàþò îá èçîëÿöèè M. hominis and U. urealyticum èç ðîòîâîé ïîëîñòè ó ñåêñóàëüíî àêòèâíûõ æåíùèí,ïðè îòñóòñòâèè èõ ó äåâî÷åê,íå âåäóùèõ ïîëîâóþ æèçíü.de Barbeyrac B, Bernet-Poggi C (1993) âûÿâèëè Ì.genitalium èç ðåñïèðàòîðíîãî òðàêòà ó 4 èç 75 îáñëåäîâàííûõ.Chingbingyong MI, Hughes CV. (1996) ñîîáùàþò îá èçîëÿöèè Mycoplasma fermentans èç ñëþíû ó 44% îáñëåäîâàííûõ ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ÂÈ×-èíôåêöèåé,à Blanchard A, Hamrick W, (1993) âûÿâèëè Mycoplasma fermentans â 4 èç 232 îáðàçöîâ àìíèîòè÷åñêîé æèäêîñòè,âçÿòîé ó æåíùèí ñ ïðåðâàííîé áåðåìåííîñòüþ.Cultrera R, Roulland-Dussoix D, Romani R, Contini C. (1998) âûÿâèëè óðåàïëàçìó Mycoplasma spp ó 12 èç 84 ÂÈ×-ïîçèòèâíûõ ïàöèåíòîâ.Ainsworth JG, Hourshid S (2000 )âûÿâèëè Mycoplasma fermentan â 27% îáðàçöàõ èç ðîòîãëîòêè è ìî÷è ó ÂÈ×-èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ïàöèåíòîâ.Taylor-Robinson D, Gilroy CB, Keane FE. (2003) ñîîáùàþò î âûäåëåíèè U. urealyticum,Mycoplasma hominis è Mycoplasma penetrans èç ðîòîâîé ïîëîñòè è èç óðåòðû ó 10 ãîìîñåêñóàëüíûõ ìóæ÷èí ñ îñòðûì íåãîíîêîêêîâûì óðåòðèòîì,à Mycoplasma fermentans òîëüêî â ñìûâàõ èç ðîòîãëîòêè.Bradshaw CS, Tabrizi SN (2006) ñ÷èòàþò M. genitalium ïðè÷èíîé 9% íåãîíîêîêêîâûõ óðåòðèòîâ,âîçíèêøèõ ïîñëå èíñåðòèâíîãî îðàëüíîãî ñåêñà. Ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì ïðè àíàëüíîì ñåêñå Weissenbacher ER. (1977) îáíàðóæèë ìèêîïëàçìû â îáðàçöàõ,âçÿòûõ èç àíîðåêòàëüíîé îáëàñòè è âëàãàëèùà îò 325 æåíùèí â 51,3 %ñëó÷àåâ,â 17% ìèêîïëàçìû îáíàðóæèâàëèñü òîëüêî â àíîðåêòàëüíûõ îáðàçöàõ è îòñóòñòâîâàëè âçÿòûõ èç âëàãàëèùà.Bowie WR, Alexander ER, (1978) ñ÷èòàþò,÷òî Ureaplasma urealyticum ÿâèëàñü ïðè÷èíîé â 37% ñëó÷àåâ ïîñòãîíîêîêêîâûõ óðåòðèòîâ ó îáñëåäîâàííûõ ãîìîñåêñóàëüíûõ ìóæ÷èí.P.E. Munday, P.M. Furr and D. Taylor-Robinson (1981) îáíàðóæèëè Ureaplasma urealyticum â îáðàçöàõ èç ïðÿìîé êèøêè ó 57%,à Mycoplasma hominis ó 41% æåíùèí,ïîñåùàþùèõ êëèíèêó ïîëîâûõ èíôåêöèé.Hammerschlag MR, Doraiswamy B (1987) ñîîáùàþò îá îáíàðóæåíèè M. hominis ó 23%,à Ureaplasma urealyticum â 19% â îáðàçöàõ,âçÿòûõ èç àíîðåêòàëüíîé îáëàñòè äåâî÷åê,ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ñåñóàëüíîìó íàñèëèþ.E Holst (1990) îáíàðóæèëà M. hominis â ñìûâàõ èç ïðÿìîé êèøêè ó 62% îáñëåäîâàííûõ æåíùèí ñ áàêòåðèàëüíûì âàãèíîçîì è ó 14% æåíùèí áåç áàêòåðèàëüíîãî âàãèíîçà.Rodriguez-Pichardo A, Aznar J (1991) âûÿâèëè Ureaplasma urealyticum â 5 ñëó÷àåâ èç 40 íåãîíîêîêêîâûõ óðåòðèòîâ ó ãîìîñåêñóàëüíûõ ìóæ÷èí.Taylor-Robinson D, Gilroy CB (2003) ñîîáùàþò îá èçîëÿöèè Mycoplasma hominis,Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma fermentans,Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma penetrans èç ïðÿìîé êèøêè ó ãîìîñåêñóàëüíûõ ìóæ÷èí. * The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in the cervix and anal canal of women (Journal of Infection 1981) * Detection of several Mycoplasma species at various anatomical sites of homosexual men.(Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003) * Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual males in Seville (Spain.Genitourin Med. 1991) * Etiologies of postgonococcal urethritis in homosexual and heterosexual men: roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.(Sex Transm Dis. 1978) * Reservoir of four organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis suggests lack of sexual transmission. (J Clin Microbiol. 1990) * Mycoplasms in the anorectal region of women (author's transl) (Med Klin. 1977) * Colonization of sexually abused children with genital mycoplasmas.(Sex Transm Dis. 1987) * Orogenital contact and the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum from the pharynx.(Sex Transm Dis. 1979) * Isolation and serological typing of ureaplasma in human saliva.(Arch Oral Biol. 1983) * Biochemical and serological studies on oral ureaplasma.(Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ. 1984) * Proteolytic activity of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas isolated freshly from human saliva. (Med Microbiol Immunol. 1985) * Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction.(Clin Infect Dis. 1993) * Detection of Mycoplasma fermentans in human saliva with a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. (Arch Oral Biol. 1996) * Detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in women sexually active or not.(Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1996) * Use of PCR to detect mycoplasma DNA in respiratory tract specimens from adult HIV-positive patients. (J Med Microbiol. 1998) * Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the human respiratory tract. (J Clin Microbiol. 1988) * Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the human urogenital tract.(Clin Microbiol. 1995) * Etiologies of nongonococcal urethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenital exposure. (J Infect Dis. 2006) * Sexual Behavior and Selected Health Measures: Men and Women 15-44 Years of Age, United States, 2002 (National Center for Health Statistics,CDC,USA 2002) © Àãàïîâ Ñ.À. 2008 |
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Ïåðåäà÷à ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì ïðè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè îðãàíîâ
Âîçíèêíîâåíèå çàáîëåâàíèé,àññîöèèðîâàííûõ ñ Ureaplasma urealyticum, ïîñëå òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ïî÷êè ó íåêîòîðûõ ïàöèåíòîâ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü òàêîé ïóòü èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ ãåíèòàëüíûìè ìèêîïëàçìàìè.Âàæíóþ ðîëü â ðàçâèòèè ýòèõ çàáîëåâàíèé,íåñîìíåííî,èãðàåò ïîëó÷åíèå èììóíîñóïðåññèâíîé òåðàïèè ðåöèïèåíòàìè.Birch DF, D'Apice AJ (1981) âûäåëèëè Ureaplasma urealyticum èç ìî÷è ó 13% èç 123 ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ïåðåñàæåííîé ïî÷êîé,ó 9 èç íèõ áûëè âûÿâëåíû çàáîëåâàíèÿ âåðõíèõ ìî÷åâûõ ïóòåé.Burdge DR, Reid GD(1988) îïèñûâàþò ñëó÷àé ñåïòè÷åñêîãî àðòðèòà,âûçâàííîãî Mycoplasma hominis è Ureaplasma urealyticum,ðàçâèâøåãîñÿ ïîñëå òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ïî÷êè ó 32 ëåòíåé ïàöèåíòêè.Cordtz J, Jensen JS. (2006 )ñîîáùàþò î ñëó÷àå äèññåìèíèðîâàííîé èíôåêöèè Ureaplasma urealyticum ó 35 ëåòíåãî ïàöèåíòà,ðàçâèâøåéñÿ ïîñëå îïåðàöèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ïî÷êè,à Eilers E, Moter A (2007) îïèñûâàþò âíóòðèïî÷å÷íûé àáöåññ,àññîöèèðîâàíûé ñ Ureaplasma urealyticum ó ìîëîäîé ðåöèïèåíòêè.Geissdorfer W, Sandner G (2008) âïåðâûå îïèñàëè ñëó÷àé ìåíèíãèòà ó âçðîñëîãî ïàöèåíòà,âûçûâàííîãî U. urealyticum,ðàçâèâøèéñÿ ïîñëå òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ïî÷êè. * Ureaplasma urealyticum in the upper urinary tracts of renal allograft recipients. (J Infect Dis. 1981) * Septic arthritis due to dual infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.(J Rheumatol. 1988) * Disseminated Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in a hypo-gammaglobulinaemic renal transplant patient.(Scand J Infect Dis. 2006) * Intrarenal abscesses due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a transplanted kidney.(J Clin Microbiol. 2007) * Ureaplasma urealyticum Meningitis in an Adult Patient.(J Clin Microbiol. 2008) Ïåðåäà÷à ìèêîïëàçì îò æèâîòíûõ Êàê è ó ÷åëîâåêà ãåíèòàëüíûå ìèêîïëàçìû øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ó æèâîòíûõ è òàêæå ïåðåäàþòñÿ êàê âåðòèêàëüíûì,òàê è ñåêñóàëüíûì ïóòåì è ïðè îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ âûçûâàþò çàáîëåâàíèÿ ìî÷åïîëîâîé ñèñòåìû,ðåñïèðàòîðíûå èíôåêöèè è ïîðàæåíèÿ êîíúþíêòèâû.Îïèñàíû ãåíèòàëüíûå ìèêîïëàçìû ó ñîáàê (Bruchim A 1978,Doig PA 1981,Chalker VJ.2005) êîøåê ( Senior DF 1996 ,Foster SF 1998),îâåö (Chima JC, Ojo MO 1995)êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (Onoviran O 1975),ïðèìàòîâ (Taylor-Robinson D 1987) è.ò.ä.Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû èìåþòñÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû îá ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîì çàðàæåíèè æèâîòíûõ (êðûñ,ìûøåé,ìîðñêèõ ñâèíîê,êðîëèêîâ,îâåö,ïðèìàòîâ) ìèêîïëàçìàìè,ñâîéñòâåííûìè ÷åëîâåêó - Mycoplasma fermentans (Moller BR 1980),Mycoplasma genitalium (Komori M.1986),Mycoplasma hominis (Stipkovits L 1990,Kraus SJ 1977,Krylova RI 2002,Moller BR 1979) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Dumke R 2004,Krylova RI,2002) Ureaplasma urealyticum (Kraus SJ 1977,Stipkovits L 1990, W J Pickering 1990,Taylor-Robinson D 2002,Krylova RI 2002, Moss TJ 2005-2008).Íà îñíîâàíèè ýòèõ èññëåäîâàíèé,êîíå÷íî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü çîîôèëüíûé (ñåêñóàëüíûé) ïóòü ïåðåäà÷è,êîòîðûé äîêóìåíòàëüíî íå äîêàçàí è âðÿä ëè áóäåò äîêàçàí â áóäóùåì.Òàêæå ìàëîâåðîÿòåí è êîíòàêòíî-áûòîâîé ïóòü èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ îò æèâîòíûõ,õîòÿ Brown MB (1991) ñîîáùàåò î âûæèâàåìîñòè óðåàïëàçì â êîøà÷åé ìî÷å â òå÷åíèè 120 ìèíóò. Áîëåå âåðîÿòåí âîçäóøíî-êàïåëüíûé ïóòü èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ ìèêîïëàçìàìè,ïàðàçèòèðóþùèìè â ðåñïèðàòîðíîì òðàêòå êàê æèâîòíûõ òàê è ëþäåé - Mycoplasma fermentans, M. pneumoniae è Ureaplasma urealyticum.Íàïðèìåð,Randolph JF, Moise NS (1993) ñîîáùàåò î âûäåëåíèè ìèêîïëàçì è óðåàïëàçì èç ðåñïèðàòîðíîãî òðàêòà êîøåê è ñîáàê,à Foster SF (1998) îïèñûâàåò ïíåâìîíèþ ó êîòîâ,âûçûâàííóþ Mycoplasma spp.Îäíàêî â ëèòåðàòóðå åñòü òîëüêî åäèíñòâåííûé äîêóìåíòàëüíî çàôèêñèðîâàííûé ñëó÷àé ïíåâìîíèè ó 30 âåíãåðñêèõ ñòóäåíòîâ â 1995 ãîäó,âûçâàííîé M. pneumoniae,èñòî÷íèêîì êîòîðîé ÿâèëîñü ñåìåéñòâî çîëîòèñòûõ ñèðèéñêèõ õîìÿêîâ,ïðîæèâàþùåå â òåððàðèóìå êëàññíîé êîìíàòû (Mikola I, Balogh G 1997). * Isolation of mycoplasmas from the canine genital tract: a survey of 108 healthy dogs. (Res Vet Sci. 1978) * Characterisation of mycoplasmas isolated from genital tract infections of sheep in Nigeria.(Rev Sci Tech. 1995) * The genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma flora of healthy and diseased dogs.(Can J Comp Med. 1981) * Ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas in chimpanzees of various breeding capacities.(J Reprod Fertil. 1987) * The recovery of Mycoplasmas from the genital tracts of bulls in artificial breeding units in Ontario.(Can J Comp Med. 1975) * Prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavages and prevalence of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens in dogs with or without pulmonary disease. (Am J Vet Res. 1993) * Prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavages and of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens in cats with or without pulmonary disease. (Am J Vet Res. 1993) * The role of Mycoplasma species and Ureaplasma species in feline lower urinary tract disease. (Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1996) * The role of uropathogens in feline lower urinary tract disease. (Clinical implications.Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1993) * Pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma spp in three cats.(Aust Vet J. 1998) * Canine mycoplasmas.(Res Vet Sci. 2005) * Survival of feline mycoplasmas in urine.(J Clin Microbiol. 1991) * Animal ureaplasmas: their ecological niche and role in disease. (Isr J Med Sci. 1984) * Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic as zoonosis (Orv Hetil. 1997) * Urethral infection of male monkeys by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. (Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1990) Mar;37(2):125-34. * Experimental infection of the upper genital tract of female grivet monkeys with Mycoplasma fermentans. (J Med Microbiol. 1980). * M. genitalium; studies on biological characteristics and pathogenicity in the experimental animal respiratory tract (Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1986) * Experimental intrauterine Ureaplasma infection in sheep. (Am J Obstet Gynecol.2005) * Experimental amniotic fluid infection in sheep: effects of Ureaplasma parvum serovars 3 and 6 on preterm or term fetal sheep.(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008) * Biochemical and histologic findings in experimental pyelonephritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum. (Infect Immun. 1990) * Observations on experimental colonisation of mice by ureaplasmas of human origin. (J Med Microbiol. 2002) * Experimental Mycoplasma infection in monkeys. (Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002) * Experimental animal infections with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. (Infect Immun. 1977) * Experimental infection of the genital tract of female grivet monkeys by Mycoplasma hominis: effects of different routes of infection.(Infect Immun. 1979) * Preference, adaptation and survival of Mycoplasma pneumoniae subtypes in an animal model.(Int J Med Microbiol. 2004) © Àãàïîâ Ñ.À. 2008 |
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Êîíòàêòíî-áûòîâîé ïóòü ïåðåäà÷è ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì
Ïîä êîíòàêòíî-áûòîâûì ïóòåì ïåðåäà÷è ïîäðàçóìåâàåòñÿ èíôèöèðîâàíèå ìî÷åïîëîâîé ñèñòåìû ñ ïîâåðõíîñòè îáúåêòîâ âíåøíåé ñðåäû (áåëüå,îäåæäà,âàííûå,óíèòàçû, ìåäèöèíñêèé èíñòðóìåíòàðèé è.ò.ï.),êîòîðûå ñîäåðæàò æèçíåñïîñîáíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû.Ýòîò ïóòü çàðàæåíèÿ ìàëîâåðîÿòåí íå òîëüêî äëÿ ãåíèòàëüíûõ ìèêîïëàçì,à âîîáùå äëÿ ëþáîé ìî÷åïîëîâîé èíôåêöèè è äîêóìåíòàëüíî íåäîêàçàí â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ.Îäíàêî ëþáîïûòíî çíàòü,÷òî âîïðîñû î âûæèâàåìîñòè ìèêîïëàçì è óðåàïëàçì èçó÷àëèñü.Òàê Hipp SS, Rockwood LD (1981) èçó÷àëè âûæèâàåìîñòü U. urealyticum â ìî÷å ñ öåëüþ îïðåäåëèòü îïòèìàëüíîå âðåìÿ äîñòàâêè ìî÷è â ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêóþ ëàáîðàòîðèþ.Ïî èñòå÷åíèþ 48 ÷àñîâ âûæèëî ìåíåå 10% óðåàïëàçì â 11 èç 14 òåñòèðóåìûõ îáðàçöîâ.Furr PM, Taylor-Robinson D. (1990)èçó÷àëè âûæèâàåìîñòü ìèêîïëàçì â ïèòàòåëüíûõ ñðåäàõ ïðè ðàçíûõ ðåæèìàõ.Òàê êóëüòóðû Mycoplasma orale ñîõðàíÿëè ñâîþ æèçíåñïîñîáíîñòü ïðè ñîõðàíåíèè ïðè êîìíàòíîé òåïåðàòóðå â òå÷åíèè 23 ëåò,Mycoplasma spp. â òå÷åíèå 18-22 ëåò ïðè 4 ãð.Çàìîðîæåííûå äî -70 ãð. êóëüòóðû ñîõðàíÿëèñü õóæå - â ñðåäíåì 5-13 ëåò,õîòÿ íåêîòîðûå êóëüòóðû Ìèêîïëàçì spp ñîõðàíÿëèñü â òå÷åíèè 16 ëåò.Êóëüòóðû Ureaplasma urealyticum ,õðàíÿùèåñÿ â çàìîðîæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè ïðè -70 ãð.,íå ñîõðàíèëè ñâîþ æèçíåñïîñîáíîñòü â òå÷åíèè 6-10 ëåò. Èíòåðåñíîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâåëè èçðàèëüñêèå âðà÷è Potasman I, Oren A, Srugo I. (1999) èññëåäîâàâ íà íàëè÷èå ìèêîïëàçì ñèäåíèÿ â ïóáëè÷íûõ òóàëåòàõ. 5 ñëó÷àÿõ (10% ñëó÷àåâ) ñ ñèäåíèé îáíàðóæèâàëñÿ ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå îäèí èç òåõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis,Chlamydia trachomatis).Ureaplasma urealyticum îáíàðóæèëàñü íà 4 ñèäåíèÿõ,M. hominis íà òðåõ.Àâòîðû óêàçûâàþò íà âûæèâàåìîñòü U.urealyticum íà îáîäå òóàëåòíîãî ñèäåíèÿ â òå÷åíèè 2 ÷àñîâ. * Evaluation of preservation methods and solid media suitable for recovery of Ureaplasma urealyticum from transported urine specimens. (J Clin Microbiol. 1981) * Long-term viability of stored mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. (J Med Microbiol. 1990) * Isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis from public toilet bowls. (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999) [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] © Àãàïîâ Ñ.À. 2008 |
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Àìåðèêàíñêèå âðà÷è Imudia AN, Detti L, Puscheck EE, Yelian FD, Diamond MP( Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit) âêëþ÷èëè òåñòû íà Ureaplasma urealyticum è Mycoplasma hominis â êîìïëåêñ èññëåäîâàíèé ïðè ïåðâè÷íîé îöåíêè áåñïëîäèÿ ó æåíùèí.
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] J Assist Reprod Genet. 2008 Jan 18 Íåìåöêèå âðà÷è Walter Geidörfer, Günter Sandner è äð.(Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Internal Medicine IV, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany) îïèñàëè ïåðâûé ñëó÷àé ìåíèíãèòà,âûçâàííîãî Ureaplasma urealyticum ó âçðîñëîãî ïàöèåíòà (ðàíåå ñëó÷àè ìåíèíãèòà áûëè îïèñàíû òîëüêî ó íîâîðîæäåííûõ). [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Jan 3 |