Самое первое
http://forums.rusmedserv.com/showthread.php?t=183062
Рекомендации ВОЗ тоже гласят о запрете муколитиков у маленьких детей и отсутствуют рекомендации применять их у детей старшего возраста.
Муколитики у детей могут вызывать бронхоспазм.
Далее,
Over-the-counter medications — A number of OTC products are marketed for symptomatic relief of the common cold in children. These include antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, mucolytics, antipyretics, and combinations of these medications ( table 1 ). (See 'Symptomatic therapy' below.)
Education about the risks and benefits of OTC medications is an important component of the anticipatory guidance for children with the common cold [ 5,7,17 ]. In randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, OTC medications have not been proven to work any better than placebo in children and may have serious side effects [ 33-41 ]. We recommend not using OTC medications for the common cold in children younger than six years of age. We also suggest not using OTC medications for the common cold in children 6 to 12 years.
OTC cough and cold medications have been associated with fatal overdose in children younger than two years [ 42-44 ]. OTC medications have the potential for enhanced toxicity in young children because metabolism, clearance, and drug effects may vary according to age. Safe dosing recommendations have not been established for children [ 21 ].
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee recommends against the use of OTC cough and cold medications in children younger than six years [ 45,46 ]. The AAP recommends against the use of OTC cough and cold medications in children younger than four years and highlights the lack of proven efficacy and potential for toxicity for children younger than six years [ 47,48 ].
If parents choose to administer OTC medications to treat the common cold in children older than six years of age, they should be advised to use single-ingredient medications for the most bothersome symptom and be provided with proper dosing instructions to avoid potential toxicity [ 21 ].
Expectorants and mucolytics – Expectorants (eg, guaifenesin ) and mucolytics (eg, acetylcysteine , bromhexine, letosteine) increase mucus production and thin respiratory secretions, respectively, to make the secretions easier to expel [ 41 ]. Neither expectorants nor mucolytics are of proven benefit in children [ 17,19,41 ]. By itself, guaifenesin alone is relatively safe, causing only mild gastrointestinal irritation, but in over-the-counter medications guaifenesin is usually combined with other ingredients [ 53 ]. Adverse effects of mucolytics include bronchospasm, gastrointestinal disturbance, and fever [ 19 ].